Carotid atherosclerosis disease: A review of diagnosis, risk factors and simulations

Khakpour, Shahab; Abas, Wan Abu Bakar Wan; Razak, Nordin Abd; Osman, Nadir

doi:10.15761/ccrr.1000269

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…The development of clinical imaging and numerical capabilities allows researchers and clinicians to access vascular biomechanics from various aspects [ 12 ]. In addition, many researchers are simulating human arteries (e.g., carotid artery bifurcation) to understand the biomechanical behaviors of carotid arteries in CVD [ 11 , 13 ]. For this reason, simulation of carotid artery arteriosclerosis and numerical fluid biomechanics are reported as effective tools for evaluating atherosclerotic diseases such as CVD [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many researchers are simulating human arteries (e.g., carotid artery bifurcation) to understand the biomechanical behaviors of carotid arteries in CVD [ 11 , 13 ]. For this reason, simulation of carotid artery arteriosclerosis and numerical fluid biomechanics are reported as effective tools for evaluating atherosclerotic diseases such as CVD [ 11 , 13 ]. The IMT, LD, flow velocity, and stiffness of carotid arteries are reported as independent risk factors for CVD in a wide range of subjects [ 2 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasound evaluation of the carotid artery is a noninvasive way to identify IMT along with other vascular characteristics such as luminal diameter (LD), flow velocity, and arterial function [ 1 , 6 , 9 ]. In addition, the possibility of a diagnosis of atherosclerosis of the carotid artery by ultrasound has been simulated through several studies [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

jinkee¹,

Jang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The intima–media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In ANCOVA, the CA characteristics of PHT were significantly different from normotensive. The odds ratios (ORs) of IMTmax, LDmax, LDmin, peak-systolic FV (PFV), end-diastolic FV (EFV), PFV/LDmin, EFV/LDmax, compliance, and β-stiffness of PHT were 4.20, 2.70, 3.52, 2.41, 3.06, 3.55, 3.29, 2.02, and 1.84 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively, in Model 2. In Model 3 adjusted for age, the ORs of LDmax, LDmin, EFV, PFV/LDmin, and EFV/LDmax of PHT were 2.10, 2.55, 1.96, 2.20, and 2.04 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively. Therefore, the present study revealed that CAD is closely correlated with pre-hypertensive status in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

jinkee¹,

Jang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…As the manifestation of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, CAS is based on the neck atherosclerotic deposits appear on the walls of arteries. Due to the thickening of the walls and lumen, a type of disease characterized by stenosis and decreased blood vessel elasticity occurs (5), the deposits form plaque on the carotid artery. Because the carotid artery is superficial and has less movement, the plaque here is easier to detect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Sequence MRI Registration of Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries Based on Cross-Scale Siamese Network

Huang

Mao

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common disease with high mortality rate, and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Multisequence carotid MRI can not only identify carotid atherosclerotic plaque constituents with high sensitivity and specificity, but also obtain different morphological features, which can effectively help doctors improve the accuracy of diagnosis. However, it is difficult to evaluate the accurate evolution of local changes in carotid atherosclerosis in multi-sequence MRI due to the inconsistent parameters of different sequence images and the geometric space mismatch caused by the motion deviation of tissues and organs. To solve these problems, we propose a cross-scale multi-modal image registration method based on the Siamese U-Net. The network uses sub-networks with image inputs of different sizes to extract various features, and a special padding module is designed to make the network available for training on cross-scale features. In addition, to improve the registration performance, a multi-scale loss function under Gaussian smoothing is applied for optimization. For the experiments, we have collected a multi-sequence MRI image dataset from 11 patients with carotid atherosclerosis for a retrospective study. We evaluate our overall architectures by cross-validation on our carotid dataset. The experimental results show that our method can generate precise and reliable results with cross-scale multi-sequence inputs and the registration accuracy can be greatly improved by using the Gaussian smoothing loss function. The DSC of our Siamese structure can reach 84.1% on the carotid data set with cross-size input. With the use of GDSC loss, the average DSC can be improved by 5.23%, while the average distance between fixed landmarks and moving landmarks can be decreased by 6.46%.Our code is made publicly available at: https://github.com/MingHan98/Cross-scale-Siamese-Unet.

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“…During recent years, due to full fat diets, smoking, hypertension and some other risk factors, cardiovascular disease especially atherosclerosis has taken many lives in modern countries [1]. Atherosclerosis plaques mostly take form in locations which flow deviates from its general pattern (such as aorta, coronary and carotid sinus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wall Elasticity Effects on Carotid Hemodynamics and LDL Mass Transport; a Computational Approach

Khakpour

Shahidian

Ghassemi

2017

J. Nanotech. Diagn. Treat.

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Cardiovascular diseases takes many lives yearly, whereas atherosclerosis is on the top. Carotid atherosclerosis disease considered as a multi-aspects disease and only by considering all of its aspects, a comprehensive insight can be achieved. It seems that wall motion has great effects on arterial hemodynamics and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)mass transport and concentration while LDL concentration is believed to be highly associated with atherosclerosis plaque formation. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the wall elasticity effects on carotid hemodynamics and LDL mass transport through carotid artery bifurcation as a challenging case due to its geometry and location. The blood is modeled as Carreau fluid which is considered as a well-behavior model for blood. A pulsatile speed profile applied as the inlet boundary and two-ways Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) transient analysis is performed to achieve more accurate. In order to investigate wall elasticity effects, the carotid bifurcation modeled as solid, linear elastic and hyperelastic (Mooney-Rivlin). As the high LDL concentration can be considered as atherogenes is region indicator, therefore, it is used as the criterion for assessing the different arterial wall assumption. The wall elasticity effects on the hemodynamics are presented in three-time steps; early systole, end systole and end diastole. Results show that linear elastic and hyperelastic models predict very alike flow pattern however wall deformation and behavior are totally different. Results indicatet hat solid wall assumption is not appropriate for large and complicated arteries such as carotid bifurcation. Hyperelastic model (Mooney-Rivlin) seems more relevant and one the second place, the linear wall elastic model may be a good choice.

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Carotid atherosclerosis disease: A review of diagnosis, risk factors and simulations

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Multi-Sequence MRI Registration of Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries Based on Cross-Scale Siamese Network

Wall Elasticity Effects on Carotid Hemodynamics and LDL Mass Transport; a Computational Approach

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