Carotid Atherosclerosis, Microalbuminuria, and Estimated 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Key Points Question Are novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness) and microalbuminuria, associated with with 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk in sub-Saharan African adults free of established CVD? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 9010 adult participants, microalbuminuria measured using spot urine albuminuria was associated with both carotid atherosclerosis and a high 10-year risk of ASCVD. Meaning These findings suggest that spot urine albuminuria can be used in rural and urban sub-Saharan African settings to screen for individuals with a higher risk of ASCVD; however, clinical events data may be needed to confirm these findings.

An elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio increases the risk of incident cardia-cerebrovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes

“…The underlying mechanisms underlying the associations between albuminuria and CVD risk are not well established. However, abnormal albuminuria indicates generalized vascular dysfunction and is related to systemic and coronary atherosclerosis [ 25 , 26 ]. In patients with T2D, increased uACR are likely an early signal of microvascular disease and indicate some degree of kidney damage [ 27 ].the widespread vascular disorder may progress to loss of vessel distension and generalized elevation of arterial blood pressure, ultimately predispose patients to the development of micro- and macrovascular disease [ 11 ].…”

Association of kidney disease index with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension

“…Matsushita et al 12 analyzed 637 315 individuals without a history of CVD from 24 cohorts and found similar results. Further, even microalbuminuria may indicate a high CVD risk 13 . In the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, eGFR and urinary protein were also included as criteria for classifying CKD stages.…”

“…Further, even microalbuminuria may indicate a high CVD risk. 13 In the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, eGFR and urinary protein were also included as criteria for classifying CKD stages. However, few studies have investigated the interactions between these two variables or combined them as a composite variable.…”

Neutrophil extracellular traps and common carotid intema media thickness as predictors of cardio vascular risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematous

“…Common Carotid intema media thickness(CIMT) is measured by Using a B mode ultrasound with 7.5-10 MHz linear phased transducer with the patients lying supine and their neck extended and turned away from the side being examined [10] .…”