Carotid Body Tumor Microenvironment

Bryant, Jean-Paul; Wang, Shelly; Niazi, Toba

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_9

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…It is important to test catecholamine levels, as large amounts may cause persistent hypertension. 6,16 Routine assessment in all patients may be common practice in many centers prior to treatment and with follow-up after treatment. The Endocrine Society recommends the use of urinary fractionated metanephrines as a diagnostic test for CBTs.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased concentrations of these hormones and their metabolites may appear in both the blood and urine. It is important to test catecholamine levels, as large amounts may cause persistent hypertension 6,16. Routine assessment in all patients may be common practice in many centers prior to treatment and with follow-up after treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the hyperplastic form is typically observed under the condition of chronic hypoxia and may be seen in individuals with cystic fi brosis, cyanotic heart disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as in those living at altitudes greater than 5,000 feet above sea level. 3,6 CBTs are well vascularized and usually benign, but about 10%-15% metastasize to the lungs, bone, liver, and lymph nodes. 7 Bilateral disease is more common in those with familial CBTs than in those with nonfamilial CBTs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type III tumors show an adherent relationship to the entire circumference of the carotid bifurcation, requiring partial or complete blood vessel resection and reconstruction. 6,10 Early surgical excision is the primary treatment for CBTs. The surgical approach to the carotid bifurcation is similar to that used for carotid endarterectomy, with an incision alongside the medial aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The familial type, which comprises 10% of cases, exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and has an earlier age of onset, typically during the second to fourth decades. Finally, the hyperplastic form is typically observed under the condition of chronic hypoxia and may be seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis, cyanotic heart disease, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as in those living at altitudes greater than 5,000 feet above sea level 3,6…”

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Carotid body tumors

Ratliff¹,

Strider²

2023

The Nurse Practitioner

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etrospective review of case series entails studying multiple cases in an attempt to gain a broader understanding of a particular disease process for which incidence is low, as for carotid body tumors (CBTs). Case series are feasible study designs that require less time and fewer fi nancial resources than other options. However, there can be inherent biases in case series, particularly in relation to case selection. Case reports or case series are the mainstay in the literature for CBTs, as the low prevalence rate makes other study designs, such as randomized control trials, virtually impossible. The case series method allows individual institutions to review care practices, including patient outcomes, and to standardize care for specifi c disease entities. The case study approach may also offer insight into any gaps that exist in care delivery or reasons for pursuit of one treatment instead of another. This case series was conducted to review care of patients with CBTs and their clinical outcomes following diagnosis and treatment at an academic medical center. The study may also be used to educate NP and physician assistant students as well as medical students who rotate through the vascular surgery service on diagnosis of and treatment for CBTs.The carotid body (CB) measures 2-6 mm in diameter and is located at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries (see Medial view of right carotid artery). The CB functions as a chemoreceptor organ that plays a role in the autonomous control of BP, heart rate, and respiration. 1 It is stimulated by acidosis, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. 1 CBTs are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors that are located near the carotid bifurcation within the CB. 2 They are paragangliomas (PGLs) that originate from the embryonic neural crest. 3 PGLs

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Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Carotid body tumors

Ratliff¹,

Strider²

2023

The Nurse Practitioner

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Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals tumoral microenvironment heterogenicity and hypervascularization in human carotid body tumor

Cai,

Hua,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Carotid body tumor (CBT) is a rare neck tumor located at the adventitia of the common carotid artery bifurcation. The prominent pathological features of CBT are high vascularization and abnormal proliferation. However, single‐cell transcriptome analysis of the microenvironment composition and molecular complexity in CBT has yet to be performed. In this study, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis on human CBT to define the cells that contribute to hypervascularization and chronic hyperplasia. Unbiased clustering analysis of transcriptional profiles identified 16 distinct cell populations including endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), neuron cells, macrophage cells, neutrophil cells, and T cells. Within the ECs population, we defined subsets with angiogenic capacity plus clear signs of later endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to normal ECs. Two populations of macrophages were detectable in CBT, macrophage1 showed enrichment in hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) and as well as an early EPCs cell‐like population expressing CD14 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition to HIF‐1‐related transcriptional protein expression, macrophages1 also display a neovasculogenesis‐promoting phenotype. SMCs included three populations showing platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta and vimentin expression, indicative of a cancer‐associated fibroblast phenotype. Finally, we identified three types of neuronal cells, including chief cells and sustentacular cells, and elucidated their distinct roles in the pathogenesis of CBT and abnormal proliferation of tumors. Overall, our study provided the first comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional landscape of CBT at scRNA‐seq profiles, providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying its formation.

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