“…These differences are most pronounced for recently arrived immigrants. There are a range of explanations for these differences, including lower income, language and driver licensing barriers, attitudes and cultural influences 2 (Smart, 2010, Syam et al, 2012, Matsuo, 2019, Chatman and Klein, 2013, Tal and Handy, 2010, Shafi et al, 2020. Over time, immigrants undergo what is known as 'travel assimilation' (Blumenberg, 2009).…”