Carpooling as an Immediate Strategy to Post-Lockdown Mobility: A Case Study in University Campuses

Tomás, Ricardo; Fernandes, Paulo; Macedo, Joaquim; Coelho, Margarida C.

doi:10.3390/su13105512

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The retrieved information was saved as an Excel spreadsheet. The research team already developed emission factors for this vehicle type in a previous study [22] through several on-road emission measurements made with a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS)-a 3DATX ParSYNC integrated PEMS. The vehicle was also equipped with video cameras to monitor traffic-related conditions that may yield some constraints on the tests (e.g., engine shutdown, congestion, abnormal traffic volume).…”

Section: On-road Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Basics: Can a Driving Simulator Reliably Reproduce Real Vehicle Dynamics?

Fernandes,

Macedo,

Bandeira

2023

Sensors

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Despite constant technological innovation, road transport remains a significant source of pollutant emissions, and effective driver-behaviour changes can be considered as solutions that can increase the sustainability of road traffic in a short period. Thus, understanding driver behaviour plays a key role in assessing traffic-related impacts. Since real-world experiments entail some risks and are often not flexible, simulator-based experiments can be relevant to studying vehicle dynamics and driver behaviour. However, the reliability of the simulation results’ accuracy must be ensured. The primary objective of this paper is to present an exploratory analysis focused on the study of the reliability of a driving simulator to reproduce driving parameters that can then be used for emission estimation. For that purpose, tests were conducted by two drivers for urban and highway scenarios performed on a driving simulator and in real-world environments. Different road singularities composed events that were microscopically analysed. Second-by-second vehicle dynamic variables were recorded, and the pollutant emissions were estimated using the vehicle specific power (VSP) methodology. The results of this exploratory validation analysis showed that the total average emissions of all events were not significantly different (958.39 g for simulated and 998.06 g for empirical tests). Overall, the driving simulator can replicate vehicle dynamics from a microscopic perspective, especially for the urban scenario. This may be due to the more complex traffic conditions and road specificities that require more restrained driving behaviour. Nevertheless, VSP mode distributions did not follow the same pattern in 4 out of 10 events, meaning that the drivers displayed different behaviours in the simulated and empirical tests for those events. The relative errors range between 4 and 29% for carbon dioxide emissions and between 2 and 33% for nitrogen oxides emissions.

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Section: On-road Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Basics: Can a Driving Simulator Reliably Reproduce Real Vehicle Dynamics?

Fernandes,

Macedo,

Bandeira

2023

Sensors

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“…The fast growth of urbanization is posing a problem to transportation services, in [28] with a MaaS platform and a journal planner are offered trip options that integrate different modes: private cars, public transport, bikesharing, car-sharing, and ride-hailing. The benefits that can be acquired from carpooling are presented in [29], for three university campus networks and through microscopic simulation were studied the benefits of carpooling (up to three persons in the same vehicle) from the residential areas to the university campus, the improvements were the reduction of pollutant emissions, the increment of average speed and the reduction of travel time. Evidence that (in Bangkok) ride sharing will gain acceptance if private cars have to pay for congestion charges and parking fees was presented in [30].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Selecting the Vehicles That Can Enter a Street Network to Maintain the Speed on Links above a Speed Threshold

et al. 2023

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The introduced method is a proposal for detecting spaces (links) and times (90 s periods) where the average speed is below the desirable, and for selecting vehicles in those spaces and times so that vehicles are systematically and gradually reduced from one simulation to another until we get a simulation presenting the desirable average speed in all space and time. With our method can be detected the specific vehicles that can enter a street network so that the average speed on the network’ links be always greater than a speed threshold. The speed on a segment is calculated from two perspectives: (1) the general speed (vg), calculated with measurements and estimates, used to estimate the links’ travel times for selecting the vehicles routes, (2) the particular speed (vp), calculated without estimates and for segments with traffic light only with measurements performed during an interval of the green time, used to identify links and periods of unacceptable (low) speed. We test our method with different origin-destination (OD) tables, for each OD table we obtain the number of vehicles that can enter the network in 1 h so all links and periods present acceptable speed. Another result was, for each link, the change of the average (and of the standard deviation) of VG (the vector containing the vg of each period) between the final (after our method) and initial (the traffic conditions without our method) simulations, therefore the percentages of the links presenting a convenient change were evidenced. We did the same with VP (the vp of each period).

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“…Through the provision of vehicle service, UP Cebu indirectly mitigated its emissions from staff mobility. A previous study pointed out that such a system and other similar approaches like carpooling could not only effectively reduce carbon dioxide by 5% and nitrogen oxides by 7% but also ensure safety and improve road traffic conditions [43]. Regarding the mitigation of emissions from student mobility, the carbon footprint produced by movement at the beginning and end of the semester is inevitable, mainly because UP Cebu caters to students from diverse backgrounds and origins.…”

Section: Emission From Mobility and Reduction Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the carbon footprint of a Philippine university

Cortes

Muchangos

Tabornal

et al. 2022

Environ. Res.: Infrastruct. Sustain.

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The Philippines entered its most prolonged lockdown in 2020 when the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a pandemic. Additionally, there has been a shift from physical to online classes at all education levels. Against this backdrop, the restrictions imposed on the education sector could have environmental impacts, including on the carbon emission structure. Here, we compare the carbon footprint before and during the pandemic, determine how the pandemic changed the activities that directly affected carbon emissions, and present reduction methods to minimise emissions in the new normal. We calculated emissions before and during the pandemic to achieve these goals, using the data obtained from University of the Philippines (UP) Cebu. The total CO2 emissions of UP Cebu in 2019 were estimated to be 1420.7 tCO2e, which did not significantly differ from the 2018 emissions. In 2020, the total CO2 emissions were estimated to be 555.8 tCO2e, equivalent to a 60.9% decrease from the 2019 emissions. The per capita emissions in UP Cebu for 2019 and 2020 were estimated to be 0.9 tCO2e and 0.3 tCO2e, respectively – both below the national average. The pandemic caused a significant decrease in emissions per activity, except for emissions from fuel, which increased 305.8%. In the post-COVID-19 world, especially when in-person classes return, UP Cebu must consider concrete strategies to curb its emissions. Specific decarbonization methods for each activity were simulated and discussed. The results and reduction strategies presented are relevant to UP Cebu and other higher education institutions in the Philippines and Asia with the same characteristics.

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Carpooling as an Immediate Strategy to Post-Lockdown Mobility: A Case Study in University Campuses

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Beyond Basics: Can a Driving Simulator Reliably Reproduce Real Vehicle Dynamics?

Beyond Basics: Can a Driving Simulator Reliably Reproduce Real Vehicle Dynamics?

Method for Selecting the Vehicles That Can Enter a Street Network to Maintain the Speed on Links above a Speed Threshold

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the carbon footprint of a Philippine university

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