Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila , in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice

Shang, Qingsen; Sun, Weixia; Shan, Xindi; Jiang, Hao; Cai, Chao; Hao, Jiejie; Li, Guoyun; Yu, Guangli

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.904

Cited by 140 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…(), ), Shang et al. (), Swidsinski et al. (), and Viennois, Merlin, Gewirtz, and Chassaing () reported findings that were suggestive of such a relationship and are further discussed in the sections that follow.…”

Section: Overview Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The metabolism of dietary carrageenan is largely due to the gut microbiota. Dietary carrageenan has been shown to modulate the gut microbiota by decreasing the abundance of the anti‐inflammatory bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila , however the exact mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown (Shang et al., , ; Martino et al., ). The results of in vitro studies conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of carrageenan on the gut microbiota suggests that the high molecular weight isoform of carrageenan (k‐carrageenan; 100 to 450 kDa) cannot be fermented by the commensal bacteria.…”

Section: Emulsifiers and The Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, low molecular weight carrageenan (∼4.5 kDa) is readily degraded by the human gut microbiota into the oligosaccharides neocarrabiose and neocarratetraose that have been implicated in promotion of chronic mucosal and submucosal inflammation of the large intestine (see Shang et al., for a detailed discussion on the mechanism of action of carrageenan). While the existing studies in the scientific literature (Shang et al., ) suggest a possible mechanism of pathogenesis of colon inflammation, to date, there have been no randomized, controlled clinical trials that have been conducted to determine whether this potential mechanism is extrapolatable to humans.…”

Section: Emulsifiers and The Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excluded publications were review articles on the diet and gut microbiota, opinion pieces, conference abstracts, or largely unrelated to the topic of interest. Following retrieval of the 19 full‐text articles, eight of the publications reported findings related to the effects of CMC, P80, gum arabic, arabinogalactan, and carrageenan on the gut microbiota, and were subsequently critically reviewed with respect to study design, test system, use of appropriate controls, reported outcomes, and any potential confounding factors (Aguirre et al., ; Chassaing et al., , ; Shang et al., ; Singh, Wheildon, & Ishikawa, ; Swidsinski et al., ; Viennois et al., ; Wyatt, Bayliss, & Holcroft, ). The literature search results are presented in Figure .…”

Section: Review Of the Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

Lynch

Roberts

2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Emulsifiers are commonly used in food processing for the technological purpose of altering the flavor or to improve the texture of foods. Due to their ubiquity, these substances are consumed daily at low levels in the human diet. Recently published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest dietary exposure to emulsifiers modulate the gut microbiota and contribute to the increasing prevalence of metabolic disease. A literature search was conducted which identified eight studies investigating the interaction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate 80, gum arabic, carrageenan, and arabinogalactan with the gut microbiota in murine and in vitro models. Numerous inconsistent changes in various phyla and genera were identified. These studies were conducted at high doses that have no relevance to the current dietary levels consumed in the United States. Subtle changes in gut microbiota composition as a toxicological endpoint is not supported by established internationally recognized toxicology testing guidelines. Therefore, the results of these studies are difficult to interpret and extrapolate to humans and are not supported by previous safety conclusions of international food safety authorities. The current understanding of the gut microbiota is that the structure is highly dynamic and is heavily influenced by the diet. Thus, the results of these studies may not necessarily suggest a safety concern, but rather reflect an adaptive response of the gut microbiota to an external stressor. Future research will need to further elucidate the mechanisms of metabolic disease in rodents and humans and establish clinically relevant and reliable endpoints to assess changes in gut microflora.

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Section: Overview Of the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Emulsifiers and The Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emulsifiers and The Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of the Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

Lynch

Roberts

2018

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…For example, animal studies have linked AGEs [115], emulsifiers [116][117][118], excess omega-6 oil [119] and soy protein [120] with dysbiosis and inflammation. In recent animal research, carrageenan has been shown to reduce levels of an intestinal microbe which otherwise protects the intestinal lining and prevents inflammation [121]. Thus, ultra-processed foods are, as an ingredient collective, a potential threat to normal cognition, mood and behavior by virtue of their macronutrient profile, additives, and their missing parts.…”

Section: Dysbiosis-life In Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

Logan

Prescott

2017

Challenges

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Abstract:Recognizing the importance of nutrition as part of the grand challenges faced by humanity-the current epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), sustainability and maintenance of Planetary Health-the United Nations (UN) has declared 2016-2025 the Decade of Nutrition. Research continues to underscore the extent to which ultra-processed foods dominate the contemporary nutritional landscape. Moreover, the dual role played by food technology and marketing in the expansion of ultra-processed foods is under increased scrutiny. As public health experts and clinicians contend with a crisis of NCDs, attempting to untangle a knotted assortment of interrelated strands of causation, an examination of the early origins of highly-marketed ultra-processed foods can provide valuable lessons. Here, we illuminate a little-known piece of history in the annals of ultra-processed nutritional science and childhood welfare. Astrofood was a commercially-marketed, collaborative government-industry effort that brought soy protein-enriched Twinkies as a nutritive breakfast cake to disadvantaged children; its concept and delivery demonstrated an unwillingness to deal with root-cause challenges. Although its official tenure was only about 7 years, we argue that Astrofood and its total food engineering still resonate throughout the global ultra-processed nutritional landscape. New scientific advances in nutritional psychiatry and the microbiome are on a collision course with the profits, marketing and intellectual dishonesty of the ultra-processed food industry. Solutions to the grand challenges of the Decade of Nutrition may be found in lessons from Astrofood. They provide clues to undoing the tangled knots which otherwise maintain an untenable status quo.

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Extracellular Vesicles from Child Gut Microbiota Enter into Bone to Preserve Bone Mass and Strength

et al. 2021

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Recently, the gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be a regulator of bone homeostasis and the mechanisms by which GM modulates bone mass are still being investigated. Here, it is found that colonization with GM from children (CGM) but not from the elderly (EGM) prevents decreases in bone mass and bone strength in conventionally raised, ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporotic mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals that CGM reverses the OVX‐induced reduction of Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). Direct replenishment of Akk is sufficient to correct the OVX‐induced imbalanced bone metabolism and protect against osteoporosis. Mechanistic studies show that the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is required for the CGM‐ and Akk‐induced bone protective effects and these nanovesicles can enter and accumulate into bone tissues to attenuate the OVX‐induced osteoporotic phenotypes by augmenting osteogenic activity and inhibiting osteoclast formation. The study identifies that gut bacterium Akk mediates the CGM‐induced anti‐osteoporotic effects and presents a novel mechanism underlying the exchange of signals between GM and host bone.

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Carrageenan-induced colitis is associated with decreased population of anti-inflammatory bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila , in the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 140 publications

References 47 publications

Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern?

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

Extracellular Vesicles from Child Gut Microbiota Enter into Bone to Preserve Bone Mass and Strength

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