Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae among children attending childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in the post vaccination era: A cross-sectional study

Palaniappan, Prem Ananth; Sukur, Salina Mohamed; Liow, Yii Ling; Maniam, Saraswathiy; Sherina, Fashihah; Ahmad, Norazah

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.066

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is already known that invasive H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) strains have been replaced by non-typeable H. influenzae in many countries since the introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccines ( Van Eldere et al, 2014 ; Zarei et al, 2016 ; Slack, 2017 ; Slack et al, 2021 ). Also serotypes “a,” “e,” and “f” have been reported in different countries as disease causing serotypes, and are also serotypes found in our study ( Ladhani et al, 2012 ; Palaniappan et al, 2020 ; Slack et al, 2021 ; Reilly et al, 2022 ). In North America, an increase in proportion of serotype “a” has been observed among invasive disease cases ( Tsang and Ulanova, 2017 ; Slack et al, 2021 ; Soeters et al, 2021 ; Ulanova, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Haemophilus influenzae carriage and antibiotic resistance profile in Belgian infants over a three-year period (2016–2018)

et al. 2023

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BackgroundNon-typeable Haemophilus influenzae has become increasingly important as a causative agent of invasive diseases following vaccination against H. influenzae type b. The emergence of antibiotic resistance underscores the necessity to investigate typeable non-b carriage and non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) in children.MethodsNasopharyngeal swab samples were taken over a three-year period (2016–2018) from 336 children (6–30 months of age) attending daycare centers (DCCs) in Belgium, and from 218 children with acute otitis media (AOM). Biotype, serotype, and antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae strains were determined phenotypically. Mutations in the ftsI gene were explored in 129 strains that were resistant or had reduced susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Results were compared with data obtained during overlapping time periods from 94 children experiencing invasive disease.ResultsOverall, NTHi was most frequently present in both carriage (DCC, AOM) and invasive group. This was followed by serotype “f” (2.2%) and “e” (1.4%) in carriage, and “b” (16.0%), “f” (11.7%), and “a” (4.3%) in invasive strains. Biotype II was most prevalent in all studied groups, followed by biotype III in carriage and I in invasive strains. Strains from both groups showed highest resistance to ampicillin (26.7% in carriage vs. 18.1% in invasive group). A higher frequency of ftsI mutations were found in the AOM group than the DCC group (21.6 vs. 14.9% – p = 0.056). Even more so, the proportion of biotype III strains that carried a ftsI mutation was higher in AOM compared to DCC (50.0 vs. 26.3% – p < 0.01) and invasive group.ConclusionIn both groups, NTHi was most frequently circulating, while specific encapsulated serotypes for carriage and invasive group were found. Biotypes I, II and III were more frequently present in the carriage and invasive group. The carriage group had a higher resistance-frequency to the analyzed antibiotics than the invasive group. Interestingly, a higher degree of ftsI mutations was found in children with AOM compared to DCC and invasive group. This data helps understanding the H. influenzae carriage in Belgian children, as such information is scarce.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Haemophilus influenzae carriage and antibiotic resistance profile in Belgian infants over a three-year period (2016–2018)

et al. 2023

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“…Compared to other Southeast Asia countries, the colonization rate of H. influenzae in our study is also considerably higher. A study in Malaysia showed 14,3% and 4,9% H. influenzae carrier rates in healthy unvaccinated and vaccinated children, respectively [ 20 ]. The Indonesian ministry of health started to include the Hib vaccination in the national vaccination program in 2013; this might have caused the higher carrier rate of H. influenzae in this study since most of our participants were older than 5 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial colonization of the upper airways of children positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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Background Our understanding of the influence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on bacterial colonization in the children’s upper nasopharyngeal tract during the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic is limited. This study aimed to determine whether there were any differences in bacterial colonization between asymptomatic children with or without a positive SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results in the community setting. Methods A cross-sectional community-based exploratory study was conducted from March to May 2021 in Semarang, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Using stored nasopharyngeal swabs collected from children under 18 years as a contact tracing program, we performed a real-time quantitative (qPCR) for the most important bacterial colonizing pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results Swabs from a total of 440 children were included in this study, of which 228 (51.8%) were RT-qPCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive. In the 440 children, colonization rates were highest for H. influenzae (61.4%), followed by S. pneumoniae (17.5%), S. aureus (12.0%), and K. pneumoniae (1.8%). The co-occurrence of both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in the upper respiratory tract was significantly associated with a SARS-CoV-2 negative RT-qPCR. In contrast, colonization with only S. aureus was more common in SARS-CoV-2-positive children. Conclusion Overall, this exploratory study concludes that there is a significant difference in the bacterial nasopharyngeal colonization pattern between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative in asymptomatic children in the community in Indonesia.

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“…In Malaysia during the pre-vaccination era, Hib was responsible for about 50% of bacterial meningitis cases in major paediatric centres such as day care centres and nurseries (Hussain et al, 1998). Recently a cross-sectional study of 30 registered childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur reported that all seven non-Malaysian children out of 436 children involved in the study, were H. influenza negative carriers (Palaniappan et al, 2020). Although this disease is not prevalent among migrant population, continuous surveillance must still be conducted on this virus due to inconsistent influenza seasonal peaks so that vaccination and antiviral treatment can be provided efficiently to the susceptible individuals.…”

Section: Influenza Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of infectious diseases among migrants and non-citizens in Malaysia

S.¹

2023

Trop Biomed

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The mass movement of migrants to Malaysia for employment is one of the factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in this country. Despite mandatory health screening for migrants seeking employment, prevalence records of infectious diseases amongst migrant populations in Malaysia are still within negligible proportions. Therefore, the present review highlights the incidence, mortality and overall status of infectious diseases amongst migrants' populations in Malaysia, which maybe be useful for impeding exacerbation of inequalities among them and improving our national health system thru robust and effective emergency responses in controlling the prevalent diseases found among these populations and maybe, Malaysian citizens too. Peer-reviewed articles from January 2016 to December 2020 were searched through online platform including SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Non-peer-reviewed reports and publications from ministry and government websites including data from related agencies were also scoured from in order to ensure that there are no cases being overlooked, as most published articles did not have migrants as the research subjects. A total of 29 studies had been selected in the final analysis. Migrants in Malaysia were at higher risk for tuberculosis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, cholera, leprosy and leptospirosis. Lymphatic filariasis was still endemic among this population while thousand cases of TB and cholera had been reported among them due to cramp living conditions and poor sanitation in their settlements respectively. While malaria had gradually decreased and become sporadic, the influx of migrant workers had led to the rising of imported malaria cases. Low cases of leprosy had been recorded in Malaysia but a significant proportion of it was contributed by migrant workers. As for leptospirosis, studies found that there are prominent cases among migrant workers, which particularly highest within workers with lower educational attainment. Infectious diseases are still prevalent among migrants in Malaysia due to various interplay factors including their working sectors, country of origin, immunization status, type of settlement, impoverished living conditions, and language and cultural barriers that impeding access to health facilities.

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Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae among children attending childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in the post vaccination era: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Haemophilus influenzae carriage and antibiotic resistance profile in Belgian infants over a three-year period (2016–2018)

Haemophilus influenzae carriage and antibiotic resistance profile in Belgian infants over a three-year period (2016–2018)

Bacterial colonization of the upper airways of children positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic

Current status of infectious diseases among migrants and non-citizens in Malaysia

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