Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose of patients on regular dialysis treatment using hemodialysis catheters

Abstract

In the hemodialysis population, the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization has been documented to be as high as 80%; effective prophylaxis of vascular access infection and bacteremia is a worthwhile goal in the management of hemodialysis population. Surveillance of 50 hemodialysis patients for S. aureus-positive nasal cultures was performed by monthly nasal swabs over a 12-month period. All patients were performing dialysis using hemodialysis catheters thrice weekly. All positive cultures were treated with a prophylactic antibiotic regimen. Thirty-one patients (62%) had one or more positive cultures. The surveillance period was longer in the S. aureus nasal carriers (p < 0.01). The frequency of positive cultures correlated with the duration of surveillance (p < 0.05). The incidence of S. aureus bacteremia was greater in patients with three or more positive cultures (p < 0.05). This study suggests that continuous surveillance for S. aureus nasal colonization is essential to properly identify all hemodialysis patients using catheters at risk of developing S. aureus bacteremias.

High frequency of colonization by diverse clones of beta-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in haemodialysis: different sources of transmission outside the renal unit?

“…The percentage of colonization by MRSA is similar to that found in other studies carried out in patients on haemodialysis, with a predominance of cassette IV [37]. Other studies have reported a higher percentage of MRSA colonization in haemodialysis patients with the inclusion of samples in body sites other than the nostrils [38].…”

“…Finally, the percentage of colonization by S. aureus found in this study was lower than previously reported in the country in a study conducted in hospitalized haemodialysis patients, which found a colonization percentage of 45.5 % [36]. Only one single colonization screening is reported in this study, which could underestimate the percentage of colonization by this bacteria, as has been evidenced in another study in which the longitudinal measurement yields colonization percentages up to 42 % [37].…”

Nasal Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Ablution Performers

“…While nasal colonization gives S. aureus a niche to conceal itself from host defenses, it increases the risk of invasive infections when these defenses are breached, as would occur, for example, when patients undergo surgery 8 , patients are on dialysis 9 , or patients are in intensive care units (ICUs) 10 .…”

GenomEra MRSA/SA, a fully automated homogeneous PCR assay for rapid detection ofStaphylococcus aureusand the marker of methicillin resistance in various sample matrixes

“…Although the nose and throat are the most common carriage site for S. aureus, other carriage sites like perineum, rectum, axillae and genitals have been identified [10,11]. Carriage of S. aureus has been recognized as a risk factor for health-care associated S. aureus infections [12][13][14]. The risk of infection is increased by the presence of foreign material such as catheter.…”