Carriage of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Humans, Animals, and Environment on Farms in Vietnam

Nguyen, Phuong; Hung, Tran Thi Mai; Thai, Pham Duy; Tan, Luong Minh; Thành, Nguyễn Hà; Liên, Nguyễn Thị Kim; Tho, Nguyen Thi Thi; Ha, Hoang Thi An; Nguyên, Chi Thành; Dương, Trần Như; Anh, Đặng Đức; Suzuki, Masato; Thanh, Le Viet; Bañuls, Anne‐Laure; Choisy, Marc; Doorn, H. Rogier van; Hoang, Tran Huy

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-1203

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Notably, the results identified flies as the biggest host of this pathogen with 46.8% of samples infected by OPEfs. This prevalence was higher than the prevalence reported in a study on the carriage of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli in Vietnam (36.7%) [ 29 ]. Carriage of resistant pathogens in flies was also reported in China [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…In addition, poor living conditions (improper lavatories, untreated wastewater, poor hygiene, etc.) and close interactions between farmers with food animals and the farm environment can facilitate the transmission of resistant bacteria, including Enterococcus , from animals to humans and vice versa [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the livestock industry, especially resistance to critically important antimicrobials such as linezolid [ 32 ], poses a serious threat to public health [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of optrA-Positive-Enterococcus faecalis in Different Reservoirs around Farms in Vietnam

Nguyen

Hung

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Linezolid is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Enterococcus faecalis, a member of enterococci, is a significant pathogen in nosocomial infections. E. faecalis resistance to linezolid is frequently related to the presence of optrA, which is often co-carried with fex, phenicol exporter genes, and erm genes encoding macrolide resistance. Therefore, the common use of antibiotics in veterinary might promote the occurrence of optrA in livestock settings. This is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate the prevalence of optrA positive E. faecalis (OPEfs) in 6 reservoirs in farms in Ha Nam province, Vietnam, and its associated factors and to explore genetic relationships of OPEfs isolates. Among 639 collected samples, the prevalence of OPEfs was highest in flies, 46.8% (51/109), followed by chickens 37.3% (72/193), dogs 33.3% (17/51), humans 18.7% (26/139), wastewater 16.4% (11/67) and pigs 11.3%, (14/80). The total feeding area and total livestock unit of the farm were associated with the presence of OPEfs in chickens, flies, and wastewater. Among 186 OPEfs strains, 86% were resistant to linezolid. The presence of optrA was also related to the resistant phenotype against linezolid and levofloxacin of E. faecalis isolates. Close genotypic relationships identified by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis between OPEfs isolates recovered from flies and other reservoirs including chickens, pigs, dogs, and wastewater suggested the role of flies in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. These results provided warnings of linezolid resistance although it is not used in livestock.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of optrA-Positive-Enterococcus faecalis in Different Reservoirs around Farms in Vietnam

Nguyen

Hung

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…[30][31][32] Additionally, bacterial strains harboring mcr-1 have been isolated from clinical specimens, animals, communities, and food in Vietnam. 33,34 Notably, we recently detected mcr-9-carrying IncHI2 plasmids in BSI-causing Enterobacteriaceae at our hospital. 35 Thus, the spread of mobile colistin resistance genes may contribute to the high rate of resistance to colistin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Culture in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam During 2014–2021

An¹,

Hoàng²,

Le³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Purpose Studies on the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are limited in Vietnam. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of BSI and AMR of BSI-causing bacteria in Vietnam. Methods Data regarding blood cultures from 2014 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using the chi-square test, Cochran–Armitage test, and binomial logistic regression model. Results Overall, 2405 (14.15%) blood cultures were positive during the study period. In total, 55.76% of BSIs occurred in patients aged ≥60 years. The male-to-female ratio of patients with BSI was 1.87:1. Escherichia coli (26.11%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.79%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.44%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4.70%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.45%) were the leading bacterial species causing BSI. The AMR rate of these bacteria isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) was significantly higher compared with that of those in other wards. E. coli was the least resistant to carbapenems (2.39%–4.14%), amikacin (3.85%), and colistin (11.54%) and most resistant to penicillins (>80.0%). S. aureus was the least resistant to glycopeptides (0%–3.38%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (0.59%), and linezolid (1.02%) and most resistant to clindamycin (71.57%). K. pneumoniae was the least resistant to ertapenem (8.86%), amikacin (9.39%), and colistin (15.38%) and most resistant to aztreonam (83.33%). A. baumannii was the least resistant to amikacin (16.67%) and colistin (16.67%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). P. aeruginosa was the least resistant to colistin (16.33%) and piperacillin (28.17%) and highly resistant to other antibiotics (≥50.0%). Notably, the multidrug resistance rate of E. coli (76.41%) was the highest among common pathogens, followed by A. baumannii (71.57%), P. aeruginosa (64.56%), S. aureus (56.99%), and K. pneumoniae (43.72%). Conclusion The AMR rate of BSI-causing bacteria, particularly strains isolated from ICU, was alarmingly high. There is a need for new antibiotics, therapeutic strategies, as well as prevention and control to combat BSI and AMR.

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“…Recent reports by other groups showed the prevalence of mcr - E . coli to be 14%–38% in human stool samples from Vietnam [ 24 , 25 ] and Bolivia in South America [ 26 ]. Although it is lower than the carriage rate observed in the present study, it is presumed that this may be due to differences in the experimental conditions and participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study revealed a high carriage rate of approximately 70% of colistin-resistant mcr-E. coli in the residents of all three communities, Santo Domingo and Puyo in Ecuador and Nguyen Xa in Vietnam. Recent reports by other groups showed the prevalence of mcr-E. coli to be 14%-38% in human stool samples from Vietnam [24,25] and Bolivia in South America [26].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Colistin-resistant E Coli Carrying Mcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

Thanh Hoang,

Yamamoto,

Calvopina

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria among rural community residents of low- and middle-income countries is a major threat to community health. Although the mechanism of the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities is unknown, geographic and regional characteristics may influence it. To elucidate the spread mechanism of colistin-resistant bacteria, we analyzed the genomes of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Vietnam and Ecuador residents, which are geographically and socially different. Stool specimens of 139 and 98 healthy residents from Ecuador and Vietnam rural communities, respectively, were analyzed for colistin-resistant E. coli with mcr. Its prevalence in the residents of all the communities assessed was high and approximately equal in both countries: 71.8% in Ecuador and 69.4% in Vietnam. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the sequence type of colistin-resistant E. coli was diverse and the major sequence types were different between the two countries. The location of mcr in the isolates showed that the proportion of chromosomal mcr was 35.1% and 8.5% in the Vietnam and Ecuador isolates, respectively. Most of these chromosomal mcr genes (75%–76%) had an intact mcr-transposon Tn6330. Contrastingly, the replicon types of the mcr-carrying-plasmids were diverse in both countries, but almost all belonged to IncI2 in Ecuador and IncX1/X4 in Vietnam. Approximately 26%–45% of these mcr-plasmids had other resistance genes, which also varied between countries. These results suggest that although the overall profile of the colistin-resistant E. coli isolates is diverse in these countries, the phylogenesis of the isolates and mcr-carrying plasmids has regional characteristics. Although the contributing factors are not clear, it is obvious that the overall profile of colistin-resistant bacteria dissemination varies between countries. Such different epidemic patterns are important for establishing country-specific countermeasures against colistin-resistant bacteria.

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Carriage of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance-1-Positive Escherichia coli in Humans, Animals, and Environment on Farms in Vietnam

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and Associated Factors of optrA-Positive-Enterococcus faecalis in Different Reservoirs around Farms in Vietnam

Prevalence and Associated Factors of optrA-Positive-Enterococcus faecalis in Different Reservoirs around Farms in Vietnam

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Culture in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam During 2014–2021

Comparative genome analysis of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harboring mcr isolated from rural community residents in Ecuador and Vietnam

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