Carrier Design for Astaxanthin Delivery

Abstract

Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment with powerful antioxidant capacity which has been reported for beneficial effects on human health to prevent cancers and anti-degenerative diseases. Bioavailability of astaxanthin is however limited due to insoluble and instable properties of its lipophilic nature. This study describes the cytotoxicity and astaxanthin delivery using a surfactant (tween 80) and penetration enhancers (methyl -cyclodextrin and liposome) to enhance astaxanthin bioavailability in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Toxicity of tween 80 and methyl -cyclodextrin increased with concentration. Liposome did not alter cell viability relative to untreated controls, regardless of concentration tested. Cellular uptake among delivery vehicles was compared at 24 hours and was found to be higher than that of astaxanthin without a vehicle. The cellular uptake rate was highest when liposome was used as the delivery vehicle. This finding aids in the development of design criteria for vehicles for delivery of antioxidants to cells.

Properties and bioavailability assessment of shrimp astaxanthin loaded liposomes

“…The viability of Caco-2 cells exposed to both astaxanthin extract and liposomes was higher than 80%, indicating the absence of major cytotoxic effects. Similar results were obtained with astaxanthintreated HuH7, PON1-HuH7, and HepG2 cells (Cheeveewattanagul et al, 2010;Dose et al, 2016). Conversely, concentration-dependent toxicity of astaxanthin-tween 80 complex and astaxanthin-loaded methyl b-cyclodextrin was observed (Cheeveewattanagul et al, 2010).…”

“…Similar results were obtained with astaxanthintreated HuH7, PON1-HuH7, and HepG2 cells (Cheeveewattanagul et al, 2010;Dose et al, 2016). Conversely, concentration-dependent toxicity of astaxanthin-tween 80 complex and astaxanthin-loaded methyl b-cyclodextrin was observed (Cheeveewattanagul et al, 2010). Ribeiro et al (2006) measured the uptake by Caco-2 and HT-29 of astaxanthin and lycopene in oil-in-water emulsions prepared with a variety of emulsifiers: sucrose laurate, Tween 20, whey protein isolate, and hydrolyzed whey protein isolate.…”

Preparation and characterization of spray dried complexes of lutein with cyclodextrins

“…M-bCD was found to be the promising polymer for inclusion of LUT. Percent growth inhibition in LUT:M-bCD (1:2, SD), LUT:HP-bCD (1:2, SD) and LUT:bCD (1:2, SD) was found to be 1.92 times, 1.6 times and 1.5 times respectively more compared with plain LUT after 48 h of incubation at LUT concentration of 80 lg/mL [15].These results clearly demonstrate formation of inclusion complexes and thus increase in the cellular …”

Hydrophilic Carotenoids: Recent Progress

“…CDs were used as solubilizing agent, simply mixed with carotenoids in different proportions [22,23,24,25]. Later it was found that carotenoids without cyclic end groups at least on one end (e.g., lycopene or bixin) could form 1:1 inclusion complexes which are more stable than the native carotenoids [26,27,28,29,30,31]. We have found that cyclic end-groups cannot enter the relatively apolar cavity of CDs because of their size, but 3-4 CD molecules surround each end-group and are bound there through secondary interactions.…”