Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in 5G NR: Introducing Gradient Boosting Machines

Abstract

The Beyond fifth Generation (B5G) communication systems imposed several challenges on radio designers. For example, a machine is required to set up a call at a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), as low as -10 dB, in the extended coverage mode. Moreover, only one receive antenna will be available, and virtually no frequency diversity. Such requirements present major challenges to maintaining timing and frequency synchronization. Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation is at the heart of these challenges. Different ways have been proposed for CFO estimation such as maximum likelihood based on a cyclic prefix. Nevertheless, these methods remain limited in various ways. At the same time, Machine Learning (ML) techniques showed outstanding performance in several wireless communication problems. In this work, we propose an ML-based approach for CFO estimation in OFDM systems. Specifically, we propose a Gradient-Boosting Machine (GBM)-based solution to predict the CFO given the received Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). Furthermore, we make our dataset available for public access to encourage other researchers to pursue this promising direction. We compare our results with different baseline models (i.e., artificial neural networks and support vector machines). The experimental results show that our model outperforms other baseline models due to its ensemble nature which enables ensemble models to obtain a better generalization behavior.INDEX TERMS 5G, carrier frequency offset, gradient-boosting, machine learning, new radio.

Timing‐deviation and frequency‐offset estimations for multicarrier transmission in high mobility environments using deep neural network

“…Lee et al 40 propose a synchronization method using the LSTM network for the tactical satellite communication system. Furthermore, a gradient‐boosting machine (GBM)‐based model is used for CFO estimation by using the received PSS and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in 5G systems 41 . Mahesh et al 42 propose an attention mechanism‐inspired CNN model for CFO estimation in OFDM systems.…”

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