Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar laser sources relying on intersubband transitions in coupled multiple quantum well systems. The light emission can be tuned across the mid-infrared (mid-IR, from 3 to 20 m) and Terahertz (THz, from 1.2 to 5 THz, or 60 to 250 m) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since their invention in 1994 for mid-IR QCLs and in 2002 for THz QCLs, respectively, these lasers have undergone tremendous improvement, and have become probably the most prominent coherent light sources in the mid-IR and THz spectral ranges. However, many important applications of mid-IR and THz coherent light sources, e.g. spectroscopy and high-speed free-space data communication, are greatly influenced by intrinsic