Carrier's Liability Under International Maritime Conventions and the Uncitral Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea

Tong-jiang, Su; Wang, Peng

doi:10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.345-351

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, in the field of maritime transport, Hague Rules establish a limit in the carrier's liability of 100 GBP per package, Hague-Visby Rules set the limit at 2 SDR / kg or 666.67 per package and Hamburg Rules limit the degree of liability to an amount not exceeding the equivalent of 2.5 SDR / kg or 835 SDR per package [21]. The CMR Convention, regulating road transport in more than 150 countries, stipulates that the liability limit of the road carrier cannot exceed 8.33 SDR / kg [22].…”

Section: Liability Limit/kg * Sdr/xdr Rate To Euro * Weight Of Damage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Multimodal Transport Operator’s and a Freight Forwarder’s Liability Limit in International Transport. Case Study

Poliak

Salamakhina

2023

LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics

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Understanding the limits of freight forwarders' liability helps to predict the scope of indemnification to the customer in case of damage or loss of cargo. The absence of international agreements regulating the limit of the liability limit of freight forwarders makes it difficult for customers to find freight forwarders with the most favorable conditions. A large number of factors, such as the type of forwarding contract, the country of registration of the forwarder, the status of the forwarder, existing international agreements, etc. can significantly affect the degree of liability of the forwarder. In this paper, the legislation regulating forwarding and the activities of the multimodal transport operator will be considered. In addition, the standard conditions of the forwarding contract, the most commonly used in the selected countries, will be analyzed. On the basis of the conducted research, a case study will be presented, which will indicate the practical influence of various factors on the liability limit of the forwarder and the multimodal transport operator.

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Section: Liability Limit/kg * Sdr/xdr Rate To Euro * Weight Of Damage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Multimodal Transport Operator’s and a Freight Forwarder’s Liability Limit in International Transport. Case Study

Poliak

Salamakhina

2023

LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics

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“…With the growth of the global economy, the container shipping industry is playing a more and more important role in international cargo transportation (Jaržemskienė and Jaržemskis 2009;Liu et al 2009;Su and Wang 2009;Paulauskas and Bentzen 2008;Vasilis Vasiliauskas and Barysienė 2008;Jaržemskis and Vasilis Vasiliauskas 2007;Rohács and Simongáti 2007). To adapt to greater container cargo shipment demand, shipping companies are increasing capacity via new super-size container ships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Container Shipping Network Under Changing Demand and Freight Rates

Chao

Zeng

2010

Transport

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Abstract. is paper focuses on the optimization of container shipping network and its operations under changing cargo demand and freight rates. e problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming problem (MINP) with an objective of maximizing the average unit ship-slot pro t at three stages using analytical methodology.e issues such as empty container repositioning, ship-slot allocating, ship sizing, and container con guration are simultaneously considered based on a series of the matrices of demand for a year. To solve the model, a bi-level genetic algorithm based method is proposed. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed model and algorithms. e obtained results show that the suggested model can provide a more realistic solution to the issues on the basis of changing demand and freight rates and arrange a more e ective approach to the optimization of container shipping network structures and operations than does the model based on the average demand.

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“…At the same time, traditions and a lack of port administration/pilots' knowledge concerning the possibilities of steering new ships frequently impose limits regarding parameters of the ships entering the port. Consequently, similar decisions made by port administration may decrease the competitiveness of port staff (Paulauskas 2004(Paulauskas , 2009Paulauskas and Bentzen 2008;Thiers and Janssens 1998;Köse et al 2003;Ors and Yılmaz 2004;Su and Wang 2009;Başar 2010;Hess and Hess 2010, etc. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship Passing Through Straits

Paulauskas

2010

Transport

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Abstract. All ports and a number of waterways have straits to optimize investments in developing such systems reaching the maximum results with minimum expenditures. New high accuracy port navigational systems have a possibility of high precision ship positioning and any time should guarantee shipping safety in port waters which makes a good basis for the optimization of port development. A new type of ships with good steering equipment and ship steering knowledge and methods in combination with very high accuracy port navigational systems such as E-Sea Fix and horizontal/vertical port channel bottom scanning possibilities guaranteeing real port water bottom conditions could stimulate dramatically increasing ship sizes at the port entrance in case of guaranteed shipping safety. With reference to straits, a theoretical study and experimental results received by simulators and real ships under much the same conditions have delivered a new knowledge of the limit of big ship sailing in straits and the possibilities of increasing ship size under similar sailing conditions. The Klaipėda strait is taken as the case study for practical testing. The paper presents the results, conclusions and recommendations of a theoretical and practical study for the ships of an increased size at strait ports.

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Carrier's Liability Under International Maritime Conventions and the Uncitral Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea

Abstract: Th e UNCITRAL

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of the Multimodal Transport Operator’s and a Freight Forwarder’s Liability Limit in International Transport. Case Study

Comparison of the Multimodal Transport Operator’s and a Freight Forwarder’s Liability Limit in International Transport. Case Study

Designing Container Shipping Network Under Changing Demand and Freight Rates

Ship Passing Through Straits

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