Cartographic Style in the First Urban Maps of Cadiz, Spain: A Technique in Transition

Mapmaking Process Reading from Local Distortions in Historical Maps: A Geographically Weighted Bidimensional Regression Analysis of a Japanese Castle Map

“…One of the reasons for the lack of such studies is that local distortions have not been accurately visualized. Studies on the distortion of large-scale maps before the 18th century did not visualize the distortion using local regression [20,36,37]. In these studies, displacement vectors were used to visualize local distortions, but this interpretation is not easy.…”

“…Specifically, the curves were drawn in an exaggerated manner for the main street to express organic coherence. In some large-scale historical maps, such as city maps, certain facilities and districts are represented as larger and at a more exaggerated scale than in reality [20,[35][36][37]. What is depicted in an exaggerated manner depends on the purpose of the map; specifically, maps depicting enlarged military facilities, such as castles, have been created with military purposes in mind [35][36][37], for example, among the city maps of the first half of the 17th century in Cadiz, Spain, where maps were made for military purposes.…”

“…In some large-scale historical maps, such as city maps, certain facilities and districts are represented as larger and at a more exaggerated scale than in reality [20,[35][36][37]. What is depicted in an exaggerated manner depends on the purpose of the map; specifically, maps depicting enlarged military facilities, such as castles, have been created with military purposes in mind [35][36][37], for example, among the city maps of the first half of the 17th century in Cadiz, Spain, where maps were made for military purposes. In these maps, fortresses are depicted in accurate locations in plan view and often at exaggerated scales, whereas urban areas other than fortresses are depicted in perspective and their locations are not accurate [37].…”

“…What is depicted in an exaggerated manner depends on the purpose of the map; specifically, maps depicting enlarged military facilities, such as castles, have been created with military purposes in mind [35][36][37], for example, among the city maps of the first half of the 17th century in Cadiz, Spain, where maps were made for military purposes. In these maps, fortresses are depicted in accurate locations in plan view and often at exaggerated scales, whereas urban areas other than fortresses are depicted in perspective and their locations are not accurate [37]. The 16th-and 17th-century maps of cities for military purposes tended to focus on military facilities, such as castles, and not on urban areas other than military facilities.…”

Architectural Graphics Research: Topics and Trends through Cluster and Map Network Analyses

“…Other studies have proposed procedures to develop the BIM model that relates the historical information and the development of the life of a building [77], to define different levels of knowledge [78] or to obtain high-detail BIM models considering the complexity and deformations of historic buildings [79,80]. In addition, the precision of historical maps of the same city has been compared through carto-metric analysis in order to know the veracity of its geometric precision [81].…”