“…The phenomenon of contact ionization, which occurs when an atom is ionized at the contact of a hot surface, has been reviewed (1448). A cartridge-type vacuum lock has been described for a thermal-ionization mass spectrometer, and utilized for the rapid determination of relative isotopic ratios of potassium (1449). Ion formation in the thermal surface ionization of rareearth elements has been studied by mass spectrometry (1450).…”