Carvacrol as a potent natural acaricide against Dermanyssus gallinae

Abstract

Resistance to conventional synthetic pesticides has been widely reported in Dermanyssus gallinae in poultry production systems. Introducing novel acaricides to poultry industry today is more urgent than ever. Research in this field recently focused on plants and plant-derived compounds as acaricides. In the present study, acaricidal activity of three plant bioactive components, carvacrol, thymol, and farnesol, was assessed against D. gallinae and compared with synthetic pesticide permethrin. Mode of acaricidal action was determined by contact toxicity and fumigant toxicity bioassays. Except farnesol which did not cause any mortality, carvacrol and thymol were found to be toxic to D. gallinae with LD50 values of 1 and 3.15 μg/cm(3), respectively. Permethrin gave the LD50 value of 31.95 μg/cm(3) which was less efficient than carvacrol and thymol. In fumigant toxicity bioassay, mortality rate in carvacrol- and thymol-treated groups in closed method was significantly higher than the open one. On the other hand, permethrin exhibited poor fumigant toxicity as there was no statistically significant difference between mortality rate in open and closed methods. These findings revealed that mechanism of acaricidal activity of carvacrol and thymol but not permethrin was mainly due to fumigant action. Results of the present study suggested that carvacrol and thymol, especially carvacrol, can be developed as a novel potent bioacaricide against D. gallinae.

Traps containing carvacrol, a biological approach for the control of Dermanyssus gallinae

“…Based on the results of our previous in vitro study (Tabari et al 2015), three different concentrations of carvacrol, 0.5, 1, and 2 %, were selected for testing their toxicity on D. gallinae. Since carvacrol is insoluble in water, two different solubilizing vehicles (5 % ethanol and 5 % ethoxylated castor oil) were used as emulsifier.…”

“…In vitro toxicity bioassay was done according to the method described previously (Tabari et al 2015). In brief, tested formulations were applied to Whatman filter papers.…”

“…Control of red mite populations is primarily achieved by continued applications of various synthetic acaricides such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates. Their repeated use has often resulted in the development of mite resistance (Kim et al 2004;Fiddes et al 2005;Kočišová and Plach'y 2008;Tabari et al 2015). Also, in laying production system, residues in eggs may develop safety issues for human health (Kim et al 2007).…”

“…Carvacrol was reported to have broad insecticidal activity against agricultural, storedproduct, and medical arthropod pests (Ahn et al 1998). The in vitro contact and fumigant toxicity of carvacrol on D. gallinae was previously demonstrated (Tabari et al 2015). The present study aimed to assess in field efficacy of traps containing carvacrol in the control and reduction of D. gallinae in laying poultry farm.…”

Chemical composition of essential oil from Myrcia oblongata DC and potencial antimicrobial, antioxidant and acaricidal activity against Dermanyssus gallinae (Degeer, 1778)

“…The fumigation test was performed according to methodology proposed by Locher et al (2010) and Tabari et al (2015). The essential oil was diluted in acetone 10% at four concentrations: 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25%, with five replicates of 20 mites at each concentration.…”