Carvacrol‐rich oregano oil and thymol‐rich thyme red oil inhibit biofilm formation and the virulence of uropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>

Lee, Jin‐Hyung; Kim, Yong‐Guy

doi:10.1111/jam.13602

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…According to literature data, essential oils in which such aromatic substances as carvacrol, eugenol or thymol dominate have pronounced antimicrobial activity [ 4 , 5 , 37 , 38 ]. Hajdari et al [ 6 ] stated absence of carvacrol in the myrcene and viridiflorol chemotype and linalool chemotype.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

et al. 2020

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Winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) has been used in traditional medicine and as a spice or natural food preservative in the Mediterranean region for centuries. In this paper, some technological and analytical aspects of the S. montana tinctures development and an evaluation of the essential oil composition are provided. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic compounds profile analyzed spectrophotometrically and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively, were evaluated in the developed tinctures. The results showed that the tinctures prepared from the S. montana herb by maceration or remaceration are rich in polyphenols, and there is an influence of the technological factors (particle size and extraction mode) on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Caffeic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids, (–)-catechin and rutin were identified in the tinctures using the HPTLC method. p-Thymol (81.79%) revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was the predominant compound of the essential oil of this plant. Thus, the high contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the developed tinctures and p-thymol among the volatile components of the S. montana essential oil could indicate the promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these herbal preparations. The obtained results are a ground for the organization of the manufacture of the S. montana tincture and essential oil with the purpose of performing preclinical studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

et al. 2020

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“…Uropathogenic EC (UPEC) not only causes urinary tract infections but also colonizes the surfaces of urinary tract catheters. In a comprehensive in vitro study, 79 different EOs were screened for their anti-biofilm activity against UPEC [68]. Of the EOs tested, oregano oil (6.8 % thymol, 77.8 % carvacrol) and thyme oil (53.3 % thymol, 14.7 % carvacrol) as well as their main compounds, carvacrol and thymol, proved to be particularly active ingredients.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Quorum Sensing-regulated Formation Of Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-biofilm and Virulence Factor-Reducing Activities of Essential Oils and Oil Components as a Possible Option for Bacterial Infection Control

Reichling

2020

Planta Med

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Pathogenic biofilm-associated bacteria that adhere to biological or nonbiological surfaces are a big challenge to the healthcare and food industries. Antibiotics or disinfectants often fail in an attempt to eliminate biofilms from those surfaces. Based on selected experimental research, this review deals with the potential biofilm-inhibiting, virulence factor-reducing, and biofilm-eradicating activities of essential oils and single essential oil compounds using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Chromobacterium violaceum as model organisms. In addition, for the bacteria reviewed in this overview, different essential oils and essential oil compounds were reported to be able to modulate the expression of genes that are involved in the formation of autoinducer molecules, biofilms, and virulence factors. The anti-quorum sensing activity of some essential oils and single essential oil compounds was demonstrated using the gram-negative bacterium C. violaceum. Reporter strains of this bacterium produce the violet-colored compound violacein whose synthesis is regulated by quorum sensing autoinducer molecules called acylhomeserinlactones. Of great interest was the discovery that enantiomeric monoterpenes affected the quorum sensing regulation system in different ways. While the (+)-enantiomers of carvone, limonene, and borneol increased violacein formation, their (−)-analogues inhibited violacein production.For the successful eradication of biofilms and the bacteria living inside them, it is absolutely necessary that the lipophilic volatile substances can penetrate into the aqueous channels of biofilms. As shown in recent work, hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds with antibacterial effects may contribute to overcome this problem.

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“…The antimicrobial activities of individual compounds that are main constituents of plant volatile oils have been extensively studied in planktonic bacteria, however, relatively few of them have been investigated against biofilms formed by uropathogenic E. coli. Phytochemicals such as cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon oil [40], carvacrol from oregano oil [41], and thymol from thyme red oil [41,42] have been reported to reduce E. coli biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. Nevertheless, none of these studies analyzed whether the compounds were able to disrupt pre-established biofilms since they were added at the beginning of the experiment.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Cell death and biomass reduction in biofilms of multidrug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates by 1,8-cineole

et al. 2020

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Escherichia coli is the most frequent agent of urinary tract infections in humans. The emergence of uropathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) has created additional problems in providing adequate treatment of urinary tract infections. We have previously reported the antimicrobial activity of 1,8-cineole, one of the main components of Rosmarinus officinalis volatile oil, against Gram negative bacteria during planktonic growth. Here, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of 1,8-cineole against pre-formed mature biofilms of MDR ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli clinical strains by carrying out different technical approaches such as counting of viable cells, determination of biofilm biomass by crystal violet staining, and live/dead stain for confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analyses. The plant compound showed a concentration- and time-dependent antibiofilm activity over pre-formed biofilms. After a 1 h treatment with 1% (v/v) 1,8-cineole, a significant decrease in viable biofilm cell numbers (3-log reduction) was observed. Biofilms of antibiotic-sensitive and MDR ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were sensitive to 1,8-cineole exposure. The phytochemical treatment diminished the biofilm biomass by 48–65% for all four E. coli strain tested. Noteworthy, a significant cell death in the remaining biofilm was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after live/dead staining. In addition, the majority of the biofilm-detached cells after 1,8-cineole treatment were dead, as shown by flow cytometric assessment of live/dead-stained bacteria. Moreover, phytochemical-treated biofilms did not fully recover growth after 24 h in fresh medium. Altogether, our results support the efficacy of 1,8-cineole as a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of E. coli biofilm-associated infections.

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Carvacrol‐rich oregano oil and thymol‐rich thyme red oil inhibit biofilm formation and the virulence of uropathogenicEscherichia coli

Abstract: In the wake of rising antimicrobial resistance, we envisage that carvacrol and thymol could be used to prevent biofilm formation by UPEC and to reduce its virulence.

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

Anti-biofilm and Virulence Factor-Reducing Activities of Essential Oils and Oil Components as a Possible Option for Bacterial Infection Control

Cell death and biomass reduction in biofilms of multidrug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates by 1,8-cineole

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