CAS FGOALS-f3-L Model Datasets for CMIP6 DCPP Experiment

Abstract

The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS-f3-L) model for the decadal climate prediction project (DCPP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are described in this paper. The FGOALS-f3-L was initialized through the upgraded, weakly coupled data assimilation scheme, referred to as EnOI-IAU, which assimilates observational anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) and upper-level (0–1000-m) ocean temperature and salinity profiles into the coupled model. Then, nine ensemble members of 10-year hindcast/forecast experiments were conducted for each initial year over the period of 1960–2021, based on initial conditions produced by three initialization experiments. The hindcast and forecast experiments follow the experiment designs of the Component-A and Component-B of the DCPP, respectively. The decadal prediction output datasets contain a total of 44 monthly mean atmospheric and oceanic variables. The preliminary evaluation indicates that the hindcast experiments show significant predictive skill for the interannual variations of SST in the north Pacific and multi-year variations of SST in the subtropical Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean.

Charge Makes a Difference: Molecular Ionic Bismuth Compounds

“…[13] The large atomic mass of bismuth (atomic number 83, one natural isotope 209 Bi) brings along a combination of properties (including high covalent radius, (relatively) high boiling point, and low electronegativity) which are considered to be crucial for superior thermoelectric properties of heavy chalcogenides of this element. [14] The large nuclear charge causes bismuth compounds to exhibit distinct relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling, [15] and combinations of the properties mentioned above are the preconditions for bismuth (including the two-dimensional variant bismuthene) [16] and certain bismuth compounds (such as Bi 2 Te 3 ) [17] to behave as topological insulators, i.e. materials that are insulating in their interior but exhibit a flow of electrons on their surface.…”

High‐Efficiency Thermoelectric Module Based on High‐Performance Bi0.42Sb1.58Te3 Materials

“…According to the covalent radii and electronegativity of Bi, Sb, Te, and Se, the Se atom is more likely to occupy the Te sites. [11] Figure 1d,e shows the inverse pole-figure The temperature-dependent electronic transport properties are presented in Figure 2. As shown, the 𝜎 of all samples monotonously decreases with the increasing temperature and roughly exhibits a 𝜎 ∝ T −1.5 relationship, indicating a typical degenerate semiconductor behavior and the dominated acoustic phonon scattering.…”

“…[7] A high ZT value usually requires as high as possible power factor S 2 𝜎 through carrier concentration tuning or band engineering, [8][9][10] and as low as possible bipolar thermal conductivity 𝜅 bip by suppressing bipolar diffusion and lattice thermal conductivity 𝜅 lat by phonon engineering. [11][12][13] Bismuth-telluride-based (Bi 2 Te 3 ) material is currently the most important commercially available TE candidate with the best performance at room temperature. [14][15][16] The crystal structure of Bi 2 Te 3 consists of five-atom quintuple layer unit exhibiting Te (1) -Bi-Te (2) -Bi-Te (1) stacking along the c-axis, [8] and the layered structural displays strong anisotropy along different crystallographic directions.…”

“…As known, the pristine Bi 2 Te 3 -based compound has a narrow bandgap of 0.14 eV at room temperature. [2,11,16] On one hand, the electrons in the valence band could be thermally excited to the conduction band with increasing temperature, leading to the sharply decreased Seebeck coefficient. On the other hand, the thermally excited electrons contribute additional thermal transport, which is detrimental to the TE performance.…”

“…[ 7 ] A high ZT value usually requires as high as possible power factor S 2 σ through carrier concentration tuning or band engineering, [ 8–10 ] and as low as possible bipolar thermal conductivity κ bip by suppressing bipolar diffusion and lattice thermal conductivity κ lat by phonon engineering. [ 11–13 ]…”