Cascade reactions in nanoreactors

Oers, Matthijs C. M. van; Rutjes, Floris P. J. T.; Hest, Jan C. M. van

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2013.10.011

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In mitochondria, for instance, eight enzymes are involved in the citric acid cycle, catalyzing a controlled metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins and a highly effective production of ATP with minimal consumption of energy. 1,2 Inspired by the biosynthetic efficiencies of nature and in the search for more sustainable alternatives to today's ways of producing chemicals, scientists have tried to couple multiple enzymes for synthesis in a cascade manner. 1,3 Specifically, in order to prevent the fragile enzymatic catalytic processes from undesired or toxic conditions, various enzymatic cascade nanoreactors have been developed based on porous materials such as phospholipid liposomes, polymersomes and mesoporous silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Inspired by the biosynthetic efficiencies of nature and in the search for more sustainable alternatives to today's ways of producing chemicals, scientists have tried to couple multiple enzymes for synthesis in a cascade manner. 1,3 Specifically, in order to prevent the fragile enzymatic catalytic processes from undesired or toxic conditions, various enzymatic cascade nanoreactors have been developed based on porous materials such as phospholipid liposomes, polymersomes and mesoporous silica. 4–8 Although they demonstrated enzymatic reactivity, their catalytic performances were still far from satisfactory for any real applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Digestion by a protease, such as trypsin, is a major deactivation pathway of enzymes in vivo . 28 PCN-888-en has retained almost all of its activity after treatment with trypsin at 37 °C for 60 minutes, whereas the free enzymes lost two thirds of their activity after the same treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

et al. 2016

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“…Microcapsules constitute interesting small (nano-to microscale) bioreactors in which several enzymes are spatially confined to carry out the overall conversion intended. Advanced microencapsulation techniques even provide compartmentalization within the microcapsule, sometimes to a degree that is already reminiscent of subcellular organizations seen in biology (5,8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Immobilization by Microencapsulation: Methods, Materials, and Technological Applications

Rother

Nidetzky

2014

Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology

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Microencapsulation as a major technique of enzyme immobilization is reviewed. Fabrication of enzyme‐containing microcapsules is broadly categorized according to whether a semipermeable membrane coating or a porous polymeric network structure is primarily responsible for enclosure of enzymes within the internal microcapsule phase. Microcapsules are mostly spherical with diameters usually in the micro‐ to millimeter range and exhibit core‐shell structures of variable complexity. Liposomes and vesicles formed from amphiphilic (co)‐polymers (polymersomes) are widely used to prepare membrane‐coated microcapsules. Hydrogels, sol–gels and other organic–inorganic hybrid materials, or layer‐by‐layer structures made through controlled assembly of polyelectrolytes are used to prepare microcapsules composed of internal polymeric networks. Method combination where polymeric network microcapsules are coated with a suitable membrane to generate tailored core‐shell structures is also used for enzyme encapsulation. Advances in the material sciences contribute to the development of microcapsules with improved properties such as enhanced morphological stability, reduced enzyme leakage, and designed physicochemical permeability and enzyme biocompatibility. Soluble enzymes, but also enzyme aggregates and other insoluble enzyme preparations, are encapsulated. Multienzyme microcapsules are interesting small‐scale bioreactors for confined and even compartmentalized cascade biotransformation. Techniques of microcapsule preparation are described, and applications of microencapsulated enzymes in biotechnology and biomedicine are discussed.

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Self‐Assembly of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Film Hydration Methodologies

2019

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Self‐assembly of lipids or polymeric amphiphiles into vesicular structures has been achieved by various methods since the first generation of liposomes in the 1960s. Vesicles can be obtained with diameters from the nanometer to the micrometer regime. From the perspective of cell mimicking, vesicles with diameters of several micrometers are most relevant. These vesicles are called giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Commonly used methods to form GUVs are solvent‐displacement techniques, especially since the development of microfluidics. These methodologies however, trap undesirable organic solvents in their membrane as well as other potentially undesired additives (surfactants, polyelectrolytes, polymers, etc.). In contrast to those strategies, summarized herein are solvent‐free approaches as suitable clean alternatives. The vesicles are formed from a dry thin layer of the lipid or amphiphilic polymers and are hydrated in aqueous media using the entropically favored self‐assembly of amphiphiles into GUVs. The rearrangement of the amphiphilic films into vesicular structures is usually aided by shear forces such as an alternative current (electroformation) or the swelling of water‐soluble polymeric supports (gel‐assisted hydration).

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Cascade reactions in nanoreactors

Cited by 71 publications

References 50 publications

Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

Enzyme Immobilization by Microencapsulation: Methods, Materials, and Technological Applications

Self‐Assembly of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Film Hydration Methodologies

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