Cascaded displays

Abstract

Conventional DisplayCascaded Display Factorizations Cascaded LCD Prototype Layer 1 Layer 2 Figure 1: A pair of off-the-shelf LCDs were modified to create a cascaded display: placed in direct contact with a fixed lateral offset. In comparison to any single LCD used in their construction, cascaded displays can quadruple spatial resolution by presenting attenuation layer patterns that are optimized, in real time, using non-negative matrix factorization. (Motorsport image courtesy Aurélien Vialatte.) AbstractWe demonstrate that layered spatial light modulators (SLMs), subject to fixed lateral displacements and refreshed at staggered intervals, can synthesize images with greater spatiotemporal resolution than that afforded by any single SLM used in their construction. Dubbed cascaded displays, such architectures enable superresolution flat panel displays (e.g., using thin stacks of liquid crystal displays (LCDs)) and digital projectors (e.g., relaying the image of one SLM onto another). We introduce a comprehensive optimization framework, leveraging non-negative matrix and tensor factorization, that decomposes target images and videos into multi-layered, time-multiplexed attenuation patterns-offering a flexible trade-off between apparent image brightness, spatial resolution, and refresh rate. Through this analysis, we develop a real-time dual-layer factorization method that quadruples spatial resolution and doubles refresh rate. Compared to prior superresolution displays, cascaded displays place fewer restrictions on the hardware, offering thin designs without moving parts or the necessity of temporal multiplexing. Furthermore, cascaded displays are the first use of multi-layer displays to increase apparent temporal resolution. We validate these concepts using two custom-built prototypes: a dual-layer LCD and a dual-modulation liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) projector, with the former emphasizing head-mounted display (HMD) applications.

A Hierarchical Approach for Lossy Light Field Compression With Multiple Bit Rates Based on Tucker Decomposition via Random Sketching

“…These multiplicative layers can be physically implemented using stacked light attenuating or liquid crystal display panels and a backlight [4]. Thus, our previous schemes were suited for stacked layered designs that could be applied to light-field projections [61,62], headmounted displays [63,64], and table-top displays [65]. The proposed scheme in this paper can support more general representation, streaming, coding and rendering for multiview/light field display applications.…”

A Resolution-Enhanced Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projection System

“…Then, due to the persistence of vision described in [23] and [24], the human eye merges the images displayed at adjacent times and it seems that these images are displayed at the same time. By these characteristics of the human eye, time multiplexing [4] [11] [21] can be realized. A quartz plate is introduced as the birefringent element as shown in Fig.…”

“…Improvement in near eye displays is described in [8] [9] and [10]. And in [11], a display structure that cascades two-layered spatial light modulators (SLMs) is proposed combined with an image decomposition algorithm, the structure achieves double spatial resolution and double refresh rate by making two panels produce fixed lateral displacements that are refreshed at staggered intervals; This is an example of multiplicative superposition, unlike the others referenced here which are additive. In [8], a compact active static component is proposed to address the accommodation-convergence conflict problem and enhance image resolution in a light field near eye display by using a birefringent plate and a twisted nematic switch cell.…”

Preferred image quality metric for shifted superimposition-based resolution-enhanced images

“…Heide et al 10 made an interesting twist in 2014 to project the image on a new SLM instead of superimposing the images on the projected surface. By shifting the second SLM with subpixel accuracy, the second SLM is subtracting light instead of adding it.…”