Cascaded optical parametric oscillations generating tunable terahertz waves in periodically poled lithium niobate crystals

Kießling, Jens; Sowade, Rosita; Breunig, Ingo; Buse, K.; Dierolf, Volkmar

doi:10.1364/oe.17.000087

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…9 for the most commonly used mid-infrared CW SRO -the one that is pumped at 1064 nm and uses a MgO:PPLN crystal as the nonlinear material. At high intracavity power levels of several hundred watts, stable singlemode operation of an SRO can also be compromised by other effects, such as stimulated Raman oscillation and secondary (cascaded) optical parametric oscillation [52,56,57].…”

Section: Wavelength Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, the maximum midinfrared output power of a CW SRO based on MgO:PPLN is limited to approximately 10 W by the damage threshold of the crystal [66]. The high available pump power has also made it possible to operate MgO:PPLN-based CW SROs at wavelengths as long as 5.4 µm, although the output power drops to a few milliwatts due to the strong absorption in lithium niobate at wavelengths longer than ~5 µm [57,86].…”

Section: Typical Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy

Vainio

Halonen

2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

139

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Nonlinear optical frequency conversion is one of the most versatile methods to generate wavelength-tunable laser light in the mid-infrared region. This spectral region is particularly important for trace gas detection and other applications of molecular spectroscopy, because it accommodates the fundamental vibrational bands of several interesting molecules. In this article, we review the progress of the most significant nonlinear optics instruments for widely tunable, high-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy: continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and difference frequency generators. We extend our discussion to mid-infrared optical frequency combs, which are becoming increasingly important spectroscopic tools, owing to their capability of highly sensitive and selective parallel detection of several molecular species. To illustrate the potential and limitations of mid-infrared sources based on nonlinear optics, we also review typical uses of these instruments in both applied and fundamental spectroscopy.

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Section: Wavelength Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Typical Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy

Vainio

Halonen

2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

139

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“…Using a pump laser at 1.03 µm wavelength, period lengths from 24.4 to 31.0 µm, and temperatures from 20 to 200 • C, we have achieved a tuning range from 1.25 to 1.85 µm for the signal wave and from 2.3 to 5.3 µm for the corresponding idler wave. 7 To maximize the single-frequency output power of a singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator one has to adjust the cavity losses, i.e. the value of the oscillation threshold, according to the maximum available pump power.…”

Section: Bow-tie Cavity Based Optical Parametric Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracavity frequency conversion: from bow-ties to whispering galleries

et al. 2010

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Providing optical feedback by a resonator enhances the efficiency of nonlinear optical effects, e.g. frequency conversion. The bow-tie cavity is known to be a very successful scheme and it has made its way into the commercial world of second harmonic generation and parametric oscillation. We demonstrate a continuouswave optical parametric oscillator based on a bow-tie cavity converting monochromatic pump light at 1.03 µm wavelength to signal light being tunable from 1.25 to 1.85 µm and to corresponding idler light from 2.3 to 5.3 µm. We observe a signal power of up to 7 W, an idler power up to 3 W, and a mode-hop free operation over 10 h without any active stabilization. Furthermore, we have extended the tuning range of the parametric oscillator to the terahertz region: Our system converts near-infrared pump light to a monochromatic wave with a frequency of 1.35 THz and a power of 2 µW. Now, the straightforward next development step is to reduce the footprint of such devices. For this purpose another type of ring cavity is very promising: the whispering gallery resonator. This system offers unequaled opportunities because of its low loss leading to a high finesse. We discuss the challenges for transferring the parametric oscillation scheme to whispering gallery resonators, addressing the preparation of suitable resonators with a quality factor of 10 7 and a finesse of 500 and locking of the pump laser to a cavity mode for 3 hours.

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“…In a wide variety of experiments using quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings, multiple nonlinear conversion processes can occur simultaneously, whether by design [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] or as a natural (and possibly parasitic) consequence of the desired device configuration [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Such parasitic processes can play an important role in many contexts, including frequency conversion of quantum states of light [8][9][10][11][12][13], optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], optical parametric amplification (OPA) [21][22][23], and QPM supercontinuum generation [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such parasitic processes can play an important role in many contexts, including frequency conversion of quantum states of light [8][9][10][11][12][13], optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], optical parametric amplification (OPA) [21][22][23], and QPM supercontinuum generation [24][25][26][27]. The types of parasitic processes considered in this paper are nominally phase-mismatched nonlinear interactions, which, in QPM gratings with random variations in the duty cycle, can occur with efficiencies significantly higher than would be expected given an ideal QPM grating and a large phase mismatch [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric processes in quasi-phasematching gratings with random duty cycle errors

Phillips¹,

Pelc²,

Fejer³

2013

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Random duty cycle (RDC) errors in quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings lead to a pedestal in the spatialfrequency spectrum that increases the conversion efficiency for nominally phase-mismatched processes. Here, we determine the statistical properties of the Fourier spectrum of the QPM grating in the presence of RDC errors. We illustrate these properties with examples corresponding to periodic gratings with parameters typical for continuous-wave interactions, and chirped gratings with parameters typical for devices involving broad optical bandwidths. We show how several applications are sensitive to RDC errors by calculating the conversion efficiency of relevant nonlinear-optical processes. Last, we propose a method to efficiently incorporate RDC errors into coupled-wave models of nonlinear-optical interactions while still retaining only a small number of QPM grating orders.

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Cascaded optical parametric oscillations generating tunable terahertz waves in periodically poled lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy

Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy

Intracavity frequency conversion: from bow-ties to whispering galleries

Parametric processes in quasi-phasematching gratings with random duty cycle errors

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