Cascading system impacts of the 2018 Camp Fire in California: The interdependent provision of infrastructure services to displaced populations

Spearing, Lauryn A.; Faust, Kasey M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101822

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This section outlines the implications for policy (i.e., suggestions to improve water utilities’ resilience to future pandemics) and practice (i.e., utility planning recommendations). Similar to findings about natural disasters, 32 we discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic amplified existing challenges. When interviewees discussed challenges faced during the pandemic, they often pointed to the fact that these issues existed before the pandemic.…”

Section: Study Implicationssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Water utilities must adhere to water quality standards that are in place to ensure public safety. Although the minimum standards are specified by the federal Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 31 states may set and enforce more stringent standards. To show compliance, water utilities must perform regular water quality testing at the treatment plant and in the distribution system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of Social Distancing Policies on Drinking Water Infrastructure: An Overview of the Challenges to and Responses of U.S. Utilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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Social distancing policies (SDPs) implemented throughout the United States in response to COVID-19 have led to spatial and temporal shifts in drinking water demand and, for water utilities, created sociotechnical challenges. During this unique period, many water utilities have been forced to operate outside of design conditions with reduced workforce and financial capacities. Few studies have examined how water utilities respond to a pandemic; such methods are even absent from many emergency response plans. Here, we documented how utilities have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a qualitative analysis of 30 interviews with 53 practitioners spanning 28 U.S. water utilities. Our aim was to, first, understand the challenges experienced by utilities and changes to operations (e.g., demand and deficit accounts) and, second, to document utilities' responses. Results showed that to maintain service continuity and implement SDPs, utilities had to overcome various challenges. These include supply chain issues, spatiotemporal changes in demand, and financial losses, and these challenges were largely dependent on the type of customers served (e.g., commercial or residential). Examples of utilities' responses include proactively ordering extra supplies and postponing capital projects. Although utilities' adaptations ensured the immediate provision of water services, their responses might have negative repercussions in the future (e.g., delayed projects contributing to aging infrastructure).

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Section: Study Implicationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Social Distancing Policies on Drinking Water Infrastructure: An Overview of the Challenges to and Responses of U.S. Utilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2020

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“…1 Water infrastructure is critical to public health, and contamination can hinder recovery. 10,11 More than one year was needed to remove chemical contamination from water systems impacted by the Tubbs Fire and the Camp Fire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking water contamination from the thermal degradation of plastics: implications for wildfire and structure fire response

Isaacson

Proctor

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…A significant proportion of displaced communities mobilise to urban areas, amounting to a total of 60% by 2015 [3]. A sudden influx of displaced people into cities creates colossal demand and pressure on housing systems [6] and may challenge the hosting communities' infrastructure systems [7]. This situation does not only mount pressure on the existing services and facilities of the host community, but likely subsequently weakens the social cohesion between the displaced and the hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Strengthen the Social Cohesion between Displaced and Host Communities

et al. 2022

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A cohesive society is not only characterised by the availability of basic services and facilities, but also promotes economic equality and inclusion, democracy, and social solidarity. Forced displacement due to disasters and conflict constantly disrupt the path to a sustainable and cohesive society. Displaced communities often struggle with a lack of access to livelihood and a lack of financial independence and social and family stability. With these challenges, a lack of provision of basic services and facilities will create a competition for housing, health, and education between the displaced and host communities. Additionally, the economic competition for jobs and the role of international aid in terms of fairness create social tension between the displaced and the host. Likewise, multiple aspects weaken the social cohesion between displaced and host communities. Within this context, we investigated approaches to enhance social cohesion following disaster-induced and conflict-induced displacement. With the identification of this research need, the research team of the project titled REGARD (REbuild-inG AfteR Displacement) conducted 47 in-depth interviews in four partner countries (U.K., Sweden, Estonia, and Sri Lanka) with community representatives, social support networks, agency networks, officials, etc. Moreover, focus group discussions were conducted with community members in Sri Lanka. The collected data were analysed through a qualitative data analysis procedure. The findings present eight approaches to strengthen the social cohesion between displaced and host communities. These eight approaches include the adequate provision of basic services and facilities without limiting the capacity of the host, support services aimed at local integration, economic integration between the displaced and host, and social cohesion through the built environment.

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Cascading system impacts of the 2018 Camp Fire in California: The interdependent provision of infrastructure services to displaced populations

Cited by 43 publications

References 36 publications

Implications of Social Distancing Policies on Drinking Water Infrastructure: An Overview of the Challenges to and Responses of U.S. Utilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Implications of Social Distancing Policies on Drinking Water Infrastructure: An Overview of the Challenges to and Responses of U.S. Utilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Drinking water contamination from the thermal degradation of plastics: implications for wildfire and structure fire response

Approaches to Strengthen the Social Cohesion between Displaced and Host Communities

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