Case of Ascites, in Which, During a Spontaneous Ptyalism That Occurred After Tapping, Urea Was Detected in the Saliva.

Wright, Samuel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)71448-6

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The lack of medical and laboratory infrastructure in LRS makes the development of an inexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable bedside diagnostic tool to identify patients with kidney disease (KD), including AKI, essential. 5 Saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) was first described in the 1840s, 7 and several studies have since evaluated the diagnostic capability of SUN to detect renal impairment. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 SUN parallels blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea reaches saliva by diffusive transport from the salivary glands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Performance of a Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Kidney Disease in Malawi

Evans

Calice‐Silva

Raimann

et al. 2017

Kidney International Reports

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IntroductionKidney disease (KD), including acute kidney injury, is common, severe and leads to significant mortality in the developing world. However, simple tools to facilitate diagnosis and guide treatment are lacking. We studied the diagnostic performance of saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) measured by dipstick to diagnose KD in a low-resource setting.MethodsMedical admissions to a tertiary hospital in Malawi had serum creatinine tested at presentation; SUN was measured using a dipstick. Patients with serum creatinine above normal range underwent serial measurements of SUN and blood urea nitrogen for up to 7 days. Hospital outcome was recorded in all patients.ResultsA total of 742 patients were included (age 41 ± 17·3 years, 56.1% male); 146 (19.7%) had KD, including 114 (15.4%) with acute kidney injury. SUN >14 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 0.72 and a specificity of 0.87 to diagnose KD; specificity increased to 0.97 when SUN levels were combined with self-reported urine output. The diagnostic performance of SUN was comparable with the one of blood urea nitrogen (SUN area under curve, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.87; blood urea nitrogen area under curve, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–1.0). SUN >14 mg/dl on admission was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 2.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.63–3.62]).DiscussionSUN measured by dipstick can be used to identify patients with KD in a low-resource setting. SUN is an independent predictor of mortality in this population.

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Performance of a Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Kidney Disease in Malawi

Evans

Calice‐Silva

Raimann

et al. 2017

Kidney International Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Urea is equally distributed in the total body water including exocrine secretions such as saliva, tears and sweat. It has been known since the 19th century that saliva urea nitrogen (SUN) reflects BUN [ 43 ] and it was first proposed as a marker of renal function in the early 20th century [ 44 ], and since the 1960s as a useful tool to monitor BUN clearance during hemodialysis [ 45 ].…”

Section: Saliva-based Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society of Nephrology’s 0by25 initiative (zero preventable deaths from acute kidney injury by 2025): focus on diagnosis of acute kidney injury in low-income countries

Raimann

Riella

Levin

2017

Clinical Kidney Journal

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In developing countries with limited medical infrastructure, preservation and recovery of renal function following acute kidney injury (AKI) is difficult. In conjunction with clinical presentation, rapid measurement of renal function is essential for early diagnosis and management. Especially in low- and middle-income countries, simple interventions such as hydration and avoidance of toxins have the highest probability of recovery. In such contexts, measurement of urine volume and osmolality and serum creatinine with point-of-care devices and saliva urea nitrogen dipsticks can be valuable. This review aims to identify currently available methodologies to assist in reaching the ambitious goal of the 0by25 initiative to eliminate all preventable deaths from AKI by 2025.

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Case of Ascites, in Which, During a Spontaneous Ptyalism That Occurred After Tapping, Urea Was Detected in the Saliva.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Diagnostic Performance of a Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Kidney Disease in Malawi

Diagnostic Performance of a Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Kidney Disease in Malawi

International Society of Nephrology’s 0by25 initiative (zero preventable deaths from acute kidney injury by 2025): focus on diagnosis of acute kidney injury in low-income countries

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