Case of Poliomyelitis Caused by Significantly Diverged Derivative of the Poliovirus Type 3 Vaccine Sabin Strain Circulating in the Orphanage

Abstract

Significantly divergent polioviruses (VDPV) derived from the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from Sabin strains, like wild polioviruses, are capable of prolonged transmission and neuropathology. This is mainly shown for VDPV type 2. Here we describe a molecular-epidemiological investigation of a case of VDPV type 3 circulation leading to paralytic poliomyelitis in a child in an orphanage, where OPV has not been used. Samples of feces and blood serum from the patient and 52 contacts from the same orphanage were collected twice and investigated. The complete genome sequencing was performed for five polioviruses isolated from the patient and three contact children. The level of divergence of the genomes of the isolates corresponded to approximately 9–10 months of evolution. The presence of 61 common substitutions in all isolates indicated a common intermediate progenitor. The possibility of VDPV3 transmission from the excretor to susceptible recipients (unvaccinated against polio or vaccinated with inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV) with subsequent circulation in a closed children’s group was demonstrated. The study of the blood sera of orphanage residents at least twice vaccinated with IPV revealed the absence of neutralizing antibodies against at least two poliovirus serotypes in almost 20% of children. Therefore, a complete rejection of OPV vaccination can lead to a critical decrease in collective immunity level. The development of new poliovirus vaccines that create mucosal immunity for the adequate replacement of OPV from Sabin strains is necessary.

Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas

“…Poliovirus (PV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family and the cause of poliomyelitis (77). An attenuated poliovirus variant, PVS-RIPO, remains oncolytic but does not cause poliomyelitis and displays no neurovirulence in nonhuman primates (66,125).…”

Poliomielite: Cobertura Vacinal na Região Sudeste do Brasil

“…No que diz respeito às formas de imunidade que ela concede ao indivíduo, ela mimetiza a infecção causada pela exposição natural ao poliovírus selvagem, desenvolvendo no indivíduo tanto imunidade humoral quanto a de mucosa. Contudo, casos raros de poliomielite paralítica associada ao vírus vacinal (VAPP) são relatados, mantendo-se como fonte principal de novos casos da doença em países que foram considerados livres de poliomielite (Ciapponi, 2019;Korotkova, 2020;WHO, 2019;Bandyopadhyay, et al, 2015).…”

“…Tal substituição provocou a diminuição gradativa das aplicações de VOP até o ano de 2014, o que refletiu na diminuição das doses totais aplicadas. Após esta queda da VOP, a quantidade de VIP aplicadas ultrapassa as de VOP no ano de 2015-2016 (Ciapponi, 2019;Korotkova, 2020;WHO, 2019;Bandyopadhyay, et al, 2015;WHO, 2020;WHO, 2016).…”

Epidemiological survey and genetic characterization of type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus isolated from a patient with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine in Henan Province, China

“…Full-length genomic sequences of the Henan VDPV strains obtained in this study were aligned with other type 3 VDPV strains using the ClustalW algorithm implemented in Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) program (version 11.0, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA) [ 23 ]. All sequences of type 3 VDPV on GenBank (as of May 2022) were downloaded for evolutionary analysis, which were Russia cVDPVs circulating in 2014 (GenBank accession numbers: MT645947–MT645951) [ 12 ], iVDPV found in Iran in 2006 (GenBank accession numbers: EU684056–EU684057) [ 24 ], aVDPV found in Belarus in 2000 (GenBank accession numbers: FJ460226–FJ460227) [ 25 ], aVDPV found in India in 2008 (GenBank accession number: KR259358) [ 26 ] and aVDPV found in Hubei province of China in 2014 (GenBank accession number: KY703697). Maximum likelihood trees (based on the P1 -coding region) were constructed using the GTR + I + G model suggested by jModelTest2 [ 27 ] and performed in MEGA program (version 11.0) with 1000 bootstrap replicates.…”