Case-referent study of cystic ovaries as a risk indicator for twin calvings in dairy cows

Bendixen, P.H.; Oltenacu, P.A.; Andersson, Lennart

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(89)90489-5

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1 Other risk factors include cystic ovarian disease and the use of hormones and antimicrobials. 1,5,11 In the present study, primiparous cows had lower twinning and stillbirth rates Cow survival was measured as days from calving to culling or death. A cow was censored for survival if the cow survived beyond 305 days after calving, lactation ceased before 305 days after calving, or the cow was still alive at the end of data collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twin parturitions increase the risk of several diseases that are risk factors for impaired reproductive performance, such as retained fetal membranes, metritis, and abortion. 1,5,11,16 In the present study, abortions were excluded by removing all cows that had stillborn calves before 270 days of gestation, and gestation duration was added to all multivariable models. Thus, the effects attributed to twin parturitions in this study were not confounded by occurrence of abortions or premature calvings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of twin birth calvings on milk production, reproductive performance, and survival of lactating cows

Cheong¹,

Galvão²,

Warnick³

et al. 2007

javma

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of twin birth calvings on milk production, reproductive performance, and survival of lactating cows

Cheong¹,

Galvão²,

Warnick³

et al. 2007

javma

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“…Because the incidence of twinning increases with increasing milk production, cows that are diagnosed with twins are often the highest producing cows in the herd that incur the greatest economic loss associated with pregnancy loss. Second, although estimates for heritability and repeatability for twinning in dairy cows are low (0.08 and 0.09, respectively; [48,49], a prior incidence of twinning is a risk factor for subsequent twin births [8,50]. Third, pregnancy loss before 90 d in gestation for cows with unilateral twins did not differ between the control cows and cows that wee subjected to manual amnion rupture followed by progesterone treatment for 21 d [25], whereas pregnancy loss for cows carrying bilateral twins [36] was similar to that reported for Holsteins overall [51].…”

Section: Pregnancy Terminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle

Cabrera

Fricke

2021

Animals

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Twinning in Holstein dairy cows has increased over time concurrent with increased milk production. Twinning in dairy cattle is not desirable due to the negative effects on both cows that calve twins and calves born as twins that result in economic losses to dairy farms. Although a twin pregnancy could bring additional income from extra calves and shorten gestation length, twinning compromises milk production, increases the incidence of dystocia and perinatal mortality, decreases calf birth weight, increases the incidence of metabolic diseases, decreases fertility, increases the incidence of freemartinism, increases overall culling risks, and shortens the productive lifespan of cows. Based on a summary of economic analyses from several studies, the estimated losses due to twinning range between $59 to $161 per twin pregnancy. Most twinning in dairy cows is dizygotic and directly related to the incidence of double ovulations, and economic losses are greater for unilateral than for bilateral twins. Hormonal manipulation before artificial insemination that allows for timed artificial insemination is a primary strategy for decreasing twinning in dairy cows before it occurs by decreasing the incidence of double ovulation thereby decreasing conception of dizygotic twins and the associated negative economic consequences. When twins are diagnosed early during gestation, management options might include doing nothing, terminating the pregnancy, or attempting manual embryo reduction. Based on a recent economic analysis of these options, attempting manual embryo reduction decreased the economic losses of a twin pregnancy by $23 to $45.

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“…Occurrence of COD predisposes an animal to COD in the following lactation [11]. Several studies have found that COD is associated with twinning [13-15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with cystic ovarian disease in Norwegian dairy cattle

2010

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BackgroundThe aims of this study were to establish the incidence of cystic ovarian disease (COD) and its geographical and seasonal variation in Norway, investigate the effect of COD on culling rates, and describe the effects of COD on subsequent reproductive performance and its association to twins.MethodsDiagnosis of COD was made by veterinary surgeons in the field. Four statistical models were made all including herd as random effect: The four different dependent variables investigated were: 1) Diagnosis of COD between 40 and 165 days in milk or not; (n = 511,657); 2) Twins or singleton; data restricted to lactations with new calving (n = 156,661): 3) Culling/removal or not (n = 573,184): 4) Culling due to reproductive problems; data included only lactations which ended in culling (n = 234,232). Model 1, 3 and 4 applied Cox regression models, and model 2 logistic regression. Independent variables were parity, twins/singletons, calving season, herd size, region, COD occurrence in present lactation (if not dependent), and COD diagnosis in previous lactation.ResultsThe incidence was 0.82% per lactation. COD increased with increasing parity, was smallest at herd size between 35 and 85 cows. Cows in 1st parity and calved in spring had lowest hazard of COD and hazard for COD diagnosis was highest in autumn with HR = 2.6 (1.9 - 3.4) compared to spring. There was an interaction between parity and season. COD incidence was lower south of 60°N. Cows which experienced COD had an increased odds of giving birth to twins OR = 2.2 (1.7 - 2.7). Of those that were culled, those with COD were culled more frequently because of reproductive problems; HR = 2.1 (1.9 - 2.3) for higher parity than 2. Having COD diagnosed in the preceding lactation was a hazard for diagnosis in the lactation studied.ConclusionCOD diagnosis is strongly associated with season (autumn calving) and parity. Herds north of 60°N have more COD. Occurrence of COD is associated with twin births as well as culling due to reproduction.

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Case-referent study of cystic ovaries as a risk indicator for twin calvings in dairy cows

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of twin birth calvings on milk production, reproductive performance, and survival of lactating cows

Effect of twin birth calvings on milk production, reproductive performance, and survival of lactating cows

Economics of Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle

Risk factors associated with cystic ovarian disease in Norwegian dairy cattle

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