Case Report: A rapidly growing cyst on the scalp

Short, Emma; O'Shea, Aisling; Mukkanna, Krishna; Patel, Girish Khandubhai; Docjinov, Stefan; May, Kenneth

doi:10.12688/f1000research.19157.1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, the pathological diagnostic criteria of TLC are not uniform and varied among different authors and doctors, but the following criteria for diagnosing are accepted and recognized by the majority: (1) PAS-positive glycogen within neoplastic cells, (2) folliculocentricity, (3) peripheral palisading of clear cells, (4) a prominent Periodic Acid Schiff Diastase (D-PAS)–positive basement membrane, (5) trichilemmal keratinization, (6) lobular architecture, and (7) the presence of pre-existing trichilemmoma ( 30 , 48 ). TLC may be confused with other skin cancer, such as SCC with clear cell differentiation, BCC with keratin cysts and peripheral palisading cells within the basaloid islands, or even the keratoacanthoma, which was benign and could resolve spontaneously ( 27 , 49 – 51 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Sun

Zhang²,

Xiao³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundTrichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) is a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasm, with no relatively comprehensive research.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to perform an updated statistical analysis so as to better understand TLC’s epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsThe diagnosis and treatment of three TLC cases in our department were summarized. Then, all TLC cases published in the literature were retrieved for a comprehensive analysis, followed by the analysis of global trends and regional distribution, demographic characteristics, clinical features, pathogenesis, histopathological features, and treatment and prognosis of TLC.ResultsOf the 231 cases, the incidence of TLC has shown an upward trend recently, especially in China, in Asia. The susceptible population is men aged 60–80 and women over 80, and the most prone location is head and neck. The phenotype of TLC is not always typical and may be misdiagnosed because of the coexistence of other diseases. There is a linear relationship between the diameter and its duration or thickness. UV, locally present skin lesions, trauma, scarring, organ transplantation, and genetic disorders may trigger the occurrence of TLC. Periodic acid–Schiff staining and CD34, but not Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA), were helpful in the diagnosis of TLC. Although effective, surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery need further improvement to reduce recurrence of TLC. Carcinoma history is an independent risk factor for TLC recurrence.LimitationsThe limitation of this study is the lack of randomized controlled trial on TLC treatment and recurrence.ConclusionTLC has the possibility of invasive growth and recurrence, especially in patients with longer duration and carcinoma history.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Sun

Zhang²,

Xiao³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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Giant, Bleeding, and Ulcerating Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst, With Delayed Treatment Due to Coronavirus Outbreak: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Kiel

Homøe

2021

Front. Surg.

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We report a case of a large, ulcerating proliferating trichilemmal cyst in a 76-year-old woman, with clinical, radiological, macroscopic, and microscopic correlation. The outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic delayed her treatment. We review the literature on proliferating trichilemmal cysts, which are relatively rare tumors, which, generally, are considered benign. However, we found a high rate of malign cases, which stresses the importance of rapid surgical excision and histological diagnosis. Even though our proband had delayed treatment, the tumor did not transform into a malignant form.

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Trichilemmal Carcinoma of the Scalp

Shetty

Muralidhar

Gaffoor

2021

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

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Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignant adnexal neoplasm, falling under the umbrella of tumors with follicular differentiation generally presenting as papulonodular growth with surface ulceration over sun-exposed skin. Histologically, it mimics tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors. As there is a difference of opinion regarding the histopathological criteria for TC, a definitive diagnosis should be confined to cases having the majority of histomorphological findings with immunohistochemical corroboration to help define the clinicopathological behavior of this disease. Rarity, indolent clinical course in spite of local aggressiveness and a good survival rate postexcision further undermine the importance of this unique entity.

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Case Report: A rapidly growing cyst on the scalp

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Systematic analysis and case series of the diagnosis and management of trichilemmal carcinoma

Giant, Bleeding, and Ulcerating Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst, With Delayed Treatment Due to Coronavirus Outbreak: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Trichilemmal Carcinoma of the Scalp

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