Case Report and DNA Characterization of <i>Mycobacterium Avium</i> Isolates from Multiple Animals with Lesions in a Beef Cattle Herd

Lisle, Geoffrey W. de; Yates, Gary; Joyce, Maree A.; Cavaignac, Sonia M.; Hynes, Terence J.; Collins, Desmond M.

doi:10.1177/104063879801000311

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…41 Although some strains of MAA are pathogenic in various species and can be isolated from bovine feces, MAA is rarely recognized as a pathogen in cattle. 21 Initial studies established that bovine monocytederived macrophages lacked the capacity to kill MAP organisms but were able to kill approximately half of MAA organisms within 72 to 96 hours. 92,98 Other studies used DNA microarray technology to screen for differential expression of thousands of genes when bovine monocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) were infected with MAP.…”

Section: Survival Tactics Defined For Map Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paper: Modulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Weiss

Souza

2008

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Pathogenic mycobacteria are highly adapted for survival within host mononuclear phagocytes. This is largely due to the organism's capacity to prevent macrophage activation, block phagosome acidification and maturation, and attenuate presentation of antigens to the immune system. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is one such organism that modulates the ruminant innate immune response. It is the causative agent in paratuberculosis, a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. MAP initially interacts with cell membrane receptors on bovine mononuclear phagocytes and initiates cell signaling responses and phagocytosis. Mannosylated liparabinomannan (Man-LAM) is a major component of the MAP cell wall that interacts with the cell membrane of mononuclear phagocytes and may be a major virulence factor. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been incriminated as major signaling receptor that binds to MAP and initiates signaling though the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38 pathway. This pathway induces transcription of interleukin (IL)-10. Early production of IL-10 suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, IL-12, and major histocompatability factor class-II expression. Both IL-10 dependent and IL-10 independent mechanisms appear to be involved in attenuation of phagosome acidification and phagolysosome fusion. Many of the suppressive effects of MAP on bovine mononuclear phagocytes can be reproduced by exposure of bovine monocytes to Man-LAM. Therefore, MAP Man-LAM-induced TLR2-MAPK-p38 signaling with resultant excessive IL-10 expression has emerged as one of the mechanisms by which MAP organisms suppress inflammatory, immune, and antimicrobial responses and promote their survival within host mononuclear phagocytes.

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Section: Survival Tactics Defined For Map Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paper: Modulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Weiss

Souza

2008

Vet Pathol

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“…paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium is relatively nonpathogenic for cattle (11). Organisms appear to enter through the intestinal tract and localize in lymph nodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Organisms appear to enter through the intestinal tract and localize in lymph nodes. Cattle typically mount an effective systemic immune response, form caseous granulomas, and eliminate the organisms (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Expression of Major Histocompatibility Antigens by Bovine Macrophages Infected withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

et al. 2001

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically very similar organisms; however, they differ markedly in their virulence for cattle. We evaluated the capacity of bovine macrophages infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigens on their surface and to interact with primed autologous lymphocytes. Our results indicate that infection of bovine macrophages with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis promoted the downregulation of MHC class I and class II molecules on the macrophage surface within 24 and 12 h, respectively. Alternatively, MHC class II expression by M. avium subsp. aviuminfected macrophages was not detected until 24 h after infection, and the magnitude of the decrease was smaller. Decreased MHC class I expression by M. avium subsp. avium-infected macrophages was not detected. Unlike M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages, M. avium subsp. avium-infected macrophages upregulated MHC class I and class II expression after activation by gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Further, M. avium subsp. avium-infected macrophages were lysed by primed autologous lymphocytes, whereas M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages were not. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that the difference in the virulence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium for cattle is dependent on a difference in the capacity of the organisms to suppress mycobacterial antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.

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“…paratuberculosis, cattle infected with M. avium subsp. avium typically mount an effective systemic immune response, form caseous granulomas, and eliminate the infection (11). Therefore, comparing the responses of bovine macrophages to these two organisms may identify biochemical processes that are critical for inducing an effective immune response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. avium subsp. avium is an antigenically and genetically similar organisms but is relatively nonpathogenic for cattle (11,21). M. avium subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Responses of Bovine Macrophages toMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisandMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

et al. 2002

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, whereas M. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. We compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium organisms by determining organism survival, superoxide and nitric oxide production, and expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-12, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Unlike M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, macrophages were able to kill approximately half of the M. avium subsp. avium organisms after 96 h of incubation. This difference in killing efficiency was not related to differences in nitric oxide or superoxide production. Compared to macrophages activated with IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide, macrophages incubated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis showed greater expression of IL-10 and GM-CSF (all time points) and IL-8 (72 h) and less expression of IL-12 (72 h), IFN-γ (6 h), and TNF-α (6 h). When cytokine expression by macrophages incubated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was compared to those of macrophages incubated with M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cells showed greater expression of IL-10 (6 and 24 h) and less expression of TNF-α (6 h). Therefore, the combination of inherent resistance to intracellular degradation and suppression of macrophage activation through oversecretion of IL-10 may contribute to the virulence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle

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Case Report and DNA Characterization of Mycobacterium Avium Isolates from Multiple Animals with Lesions in a Beef Cattle Herd

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Review Paper: Modulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Review Paper: Modulation of Mononuclear Phagocyte Function byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis

Regulation of Expression of Major Histocompatibility Antigens by Bovine Macrophages Infected withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisorMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

Differential Responses of Bovine Macrophages toMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisandMycobacterium aviumsubsp.avium

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