Case Report: Concomitant Diagnosis of Plasma Cell Leukemia in Patient With JAK2 Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

Abstract

Plasma cell dyscrasias and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are hematologic malignancies arising from two distinct hematopoietic cell lineages. They rarely occur concomitantly. Here, we report a case of a patient with a recent diagnosis of a JAK2 V617F positive MPN who presented with a new diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia. The patient had presented to the hospital with a leukocytosis predominantly comprised of plasma cells, followed by work-up involving peripheral blood flow cytometry, FISH analysis, and bone-marrow biopsy. FISH analysis was suggestive of a common progenitor cell for these distinct hematologic malignancies. To our knowledge, this case represents the second reported instance of a concomitant JAK2 positive MPN with primary plasma cell leukemia.

A Rare Coexistence of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma and JAK2-Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Case of Dual Synchronous Hematological Malignancy

“…While existing literature acknowledges the coexistence of dual malignancies within the same patient [ 1 ], there is relatively limited documentation regarding the simultaneous occurrence of dual hematological malignancies (DHMs) [ 2 , 3 ], encompassing both myeloid and lymphoid hemopathies. A noteworthy aspect is the distinctive origin of these two malignancies from separate lineages within the hematopoietic ancestral tree [ 4 ]. DHMs can be classified as synchronous, manifesting within six months of the initial malignancy diagnosis, or asynchronous if they arise later [ 5 ].…”