Case Report: Neurologic Presentation of West Nile Virus: Difficult Diagnosis

Manusov, Eron G.; Campuzano, Amalia Mora; Ahmed, Omar B.; Macias, S. Bueno; Ziegler, Carolina Gomez de; Monaco, Gerardo Munoz

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.628799

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although case reports involving neuroinvasive WNV in the U.S. are limited, Manusov et al presented two cases involving AMS, vision changes, meningeal signs with sepsis, and vague symptomatology confounded by chronic conditions such as cord compression and opioid use [13]. Similarly, our patient had nonspecific symptoms such as AMS and fever, but also had unique findings of eye pain and urinary incontinence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis—A Consideration for Earlier Investigation

Burns,

Vinton,

Chung

et al. 2024

Reports

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West Nile Virus (WNV) is an arbovirus endemic to many countries and has caused over 56,000 cases, with 2776 deaths in the U.S. from 1999 to 2022. WNV occurs most often in the fall, typically affecting elderly populations in states like Nebraska and Arizona. Currently, supportive care is the only management for WNV. Our case is a female patient in her mid-70s in an intermountain state who presented in the fall with WNV meningoencephalitis and experienced a delay in care due to the unique clinical presentation. This demonstrates the importance of early inclusion of WNV in the differential for altered mental status, especially with WNV risk factors, and expedition of supportive care. Doing so could potentially reduce antibiotic duration and hospital costs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis—A Consideration for Earlier Investigation

Burns,

Vinton,

Chung

et al. 2024

Reports

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“…WNV infection epidemiology has evolved over the past few decades 1 . In humans, the clinical course of WNV infection ranges from asymptomatic infection (20%) or mild febrile illness up to severe neurological manifestations (< 1%) and even to death 2,3 . In uncomplicated WNV infection, most patients have an acute onset of fever, chills, nausea, weakness, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and headache 3,4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic presentation of West Nile virus in patient with prostatitis and orchiepididymitis: difficult diagnosis

Furlani,

Marchegiani,

Campisi

et al. 2024

JGG

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“…Recovery from infections with WNV and ZIKV are associated with new syndromes of memory impairments, especially those in the domains of immediate and visuospatial/constructional memory [44,45]. During recovery from WNV infection in mice, two distinct populations of activated microglia emerge, each with a distinct gene expression profile.…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia at the scene of the crime: what their transcriptomics reveal about brain health

Arutyunov

Klein

2023

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of reviewMicroglia, which arise from primitive myeloid precursors that enter the central nervous system (CNS) during early development, are the first responders to any perturbance of homeostasis. Although their activation has become synonymous with neurologic disease, it remains unclear whether microglial responses are the cause of or response to neuropathology. Here, we review new insights in the roles of microglia during CNS health and disease, including preclinical studies that transcriptionally profile microglia to define their functional states.Recent findingsConverging evidence suggests that innate immune activation of microglia is associated with overlapping alterations in their gene expression profiles regardless of the trigger. Thus, recent studies examining neuroprotective microglial responses during infections and aging mirror those observed during chronic neurologic diseases, including neurodegeneration and stroke. Many of these insights derive from studies of microglial transcriptomes and function in preclinical models, some of which have been validated in human samples. During immune activation, microglia dismantle their homeostatic functions and transition into subsets capable of antigen presentation, phagocytosis of debris, and management of lipid homeostasis. These subsets can be identified during both normal and aberrant microglial responses, the latter of which may persist long-term. The loss of neuroprotective microglia, which maintain a variety of essential CNS functions, may therefore, in part, underlie the development of neurodegenerative diseases.SummaryMicroglia exhibit a high level of plasticity, transforming into numerous subsets as they respond to innate immune triggers. Chronic loss of microglial homeostatic functions may underlie the development of diseases with pathological forgetting.

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Case Report: Neurologic Presentation of West Nile Virus: Difficult Diagnosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis—A Consideration for Earlier Investigation

West Nile Virus Meningoencephalitis—A Consideration for Earlier Investigation

Neurologic presentation of West Nile virus in patient with prostatitis and orchiepididymitis: difficult diagnosis

Microglia at the scene of the crime: what their transcriptomics reveal about brain health

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