Case report of a soldier with primary blast brain injury

Warden, Deborah L.; French, Louis M.; Shupenko, Leslie; Fargus, Jamie; Riedy, Gerard; Erickson, Marleigh E.; Jaffee, Michael S.; Moore, David F.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.060

“…This debate stems from the fact that primary bTBI is rarely seen in isolation in clinical populations; however, the limited number of case reports that do exist suggest that primary bTBI may be a key difference between bTBI and civilian TBI. [9][10][11] A number of recent animal studies have provided evidence indicating that primary bTBI may play an important role in both direct brain injury and in sensitization to further brain injury. [12][13][14][15][16] Animal models allow primary bTBI to be studied in isolation and, perhaps more importantly, allow a more comprehensive assessment of brain pathology than is possible in human subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals White Matter Injury in a Rat Model of Repetitive Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

CalabreseEvan

¹

,

DuFu

²

,

GarmanRobert

³

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is one of the most common combat-related injuries seen in U.S. military personnel, yet relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms of injury. In particular, the effects of the primary blast pressure wave are poorly understood. Animal models have proven invaluable for the study of primary bTBI, because it rarely occurs in isolation in human subjects. Even less is known about the effects of repeated primary blast wave exposure, but existing data suggest cumulative increases in brain damage with a second blast. MRI and, in particular, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have become important tools for assessing bTBI in both clinical and preclinical settings. Computational statistical methods such as voxelwise analysis have shown promise in localizing and quantifying bTBI throughout the brain. In this study, we use voxelwise analysis of DTI to quantify white matter injury in a rat model of repetitive primary blast exposure. Our results show a significant increase in microstructural damage with a second blast exposure, suggesting that primary bTBI may sensitize the brain to subsequent injury.

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“…Chafi et al (2010) reported similar values of peak positive pressure (2.20×10-1 MPa) and peak negative pressure (1.5×10-1 MPa) at the coup and countercoup sites respectively for a 8.84×10-2 lb TNT blast load. Once meaningful values of ICPs were obtained for low intensity blast load, Mouritz's high intensity blast load was applied as the BC in the FE model to simulate the blast scenario reported by Warden et al (2009). Table 4.…”

Section: Human Head Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design

Wang

¹

2012

0

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Lightweighting materials are critical to reducing emissions and the United States' reliance on foreign oil. Understanding how lightweighting materials utilized in vehicles perform in crash scenarios is paramount as well, for passenger safety as well as energy efficiency are primary design challenges facing today's automotive industry. The Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design (SRCLID) plans to develop an experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation effort to optimize automotive and truck components in order to decrease weight and cost, yet increase performance and safety in crash scenarios.SRCLID's end-to-end ("Atoms to Autos") modeling effort quantifies the microstructure-property relations of lightweight materials by evaluating them at various length scales, starting at the atomic level, for each step of the manufacturing process. Utilizing theory development, experimental characterization, and large scale computing, we have developed multiscale physics-based material models that are experimentally validated and account for uncertainty. Our design methodologies then guide design optimization of components, systems, and materials in engineering practice throughout the southern automotive corridor of the US. Both the new, lightweight materials and the math-based tools developed through SRCLID are being implemented in development of next-generation vehicles, with particular consideration given to their performance under various crash and high-speed impact environments.In summary, the three major objectives of this Phase III project are:• To develop experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation tools to optimize automotive and truck components for lightweighting materials (aluminum, steel, and Mg alloys and polymer-based composites) with consideration of uncertainty to decrease weight and cost, yet increase the performance and safety in impact scenarios;• To develop multiscale computational models that quantify microstructure-property relations by evaluating various length scales, from the atomic through component levels, for each step of the manufacturing process for vehicles; and• To develop an integrated K-12 educational program to educate students on lightweighting designs and impact scenarios.S o u t h e r n R e g i o n a l C e n t e r f o r L i g h t w e i g h t I n n o v a t i v e D e s i g n Ex. Sum.-Page 2 AccomplishmentsWe are generating process-structure-property (PSP) relationships for aluminum, steel and magnesium alloys, and we have developed a physics-based multiscale internal state variable (ISV) model that includes uncertainty. We validated the model for aluminum and steel alloys and have begun to validate it for magnesium alloys. We developed a material database, ISV material models, and process models for extruded (AM30 and AZ61) and warm formed (AZ31) magnesium alloys. The database includes results from the mechanical and microstructure characterization studies performed using current experimental equipment at CAVS. The material model ...

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“…Military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have witnessed an increase in the number of war fighters suffering from TBI due to blast-induced shock waves (Stahura, 2008). More recently, Warden et al (2009) reported about a female war fighter who suffered from TBI due to Improvised Explosive Devises (IEDs). The female war fighter was diagnosed with multiple long term TBI-associated pathologies.…”

Section: Finite Element Simulations Of Blast-related Traumatic Brain mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The case study on the pathophysiology of the war fighter was reported by Warden et al (2009). In the current study, a detailed mesh of the human head (obtained from Visible Human Project) was used to perform numerical studies on blast-related loads, with a specific viscoelastic-viscoplastic material model for the brain.…”

Section: Finite Element Simulations Of Blast-related Traumatic Brain mentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design

Horstemeyer

¹

,

Wang

²

2011

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lightweighting materials are critical to reducing emissions and the United States' reliance on foreign oil. Understanding how lightweighting materials utilized in vehicles perform in crash scenarios is paramount as well, for passenger safety as well as energy efficiency are primary design challenges facing today's automotive industry. The Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design (SRCLID) plans to develop an experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation effort to optimize automotive and truck components in order to decrease weight and cost, yet increase performance and safety in crash scenarios.SRCLID's end-to-end ("Atoms to Autos") modeling effort quantifies the microstructure-property relations of lightweight materials by evaluating them at various length scales, starting at the atomic level, for each step of the manufacturing process. Utilizing theory development, experimental characterization, and large scale computing, we have developed multiscale physics-based material models that are experimentally validated and account for uncertainty. Our design methodologies then guide design optimization of components, systems, and materials in engineering practice throughout the southern automotive corridor of the US. Both the new, lightweight materials and the math-based tools developed through SRCLID are being implemented in development of next-generation vehicles, with particular consideration given to their performance under various crash and high-speed impact environments.In summary, the three major objectives of this Phase III project are:• To develop experimentally validated cradle-to-grave modeling and simulation tools to optimize automotive and truck components for lightweighting materials (aluminum, steel, and Mg alloys and polymer-based composites) with consideration of uncertainty to decrease weight and cost, yet increase the performance and safety in impact scenarios;• To develop multiscale computational models that quantify microstructure-property relations by evaluating various length scales, from the atomic through component levels, for each step of the manufacturing process for vehicles; and• To develop an integrated K-12 educational program to educate students on lightweighting designs and impact scenarios.S o u t h e r n R e g i o n a l C e n t e r f o r L i g h t w e i g h t I n n o v a t i v e D e s i g n Ex. Sum.-Page 2 AccomplishmentsWe are generating process-structure-property (PSP) relationships for aluminum, steel and magnesium alloys, and we have developed a physics-based multiscale internal state variable (ISV) model that includes uncertainty. We validated the model for aluminum and steel alloys and have begun to validate it for magnesium alloys. We developed a material database, ISV material models, and process models for extruded (AM30 and AZ61) and warm formed (AZ31) magnesium alloys. The database includes results from the mechanical and microstructure characterization studies performed using current experimental equipment at CAVS. The material model ...

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Case report of a soldier with primary blast brain injury

Cited by 71 publications

References 6 publications

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals White Matter Injury in a Rat Model of Repetitive Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals White Matter Injury in a Rat Model of Repetitive Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design

Southern Regional Center for Lightweight Innovative Design

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