Case Report of an Injectional Anthrax in France, 2012

Abstract

<jats:p>(1) Background: Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium causing anthrax, a zoonosis affecting mainly livestock. When occasionally infecting humans, B. anthracis provokes three different clinical forms: cutaneous, digestive and inhalational anthrax. More recently, an injectional anthrax form has been described in intravenous drug users. (2) Case presentation: We report here the clinical and microbiological features, as well as the strain phylogenetic analysis, of the only injectional anthrax case observed in France so far. A 27-year-old patient presented a massive dermohypodermatitis with an extensive edema of the right arm, and the development of drug-resistant shocks. After three weeks in an intensive care unit, the patient recovered, but the microbiological identification of B. anthracis was achieved after a long delay. (3) Conclusions: Anthrax diagnostic may be difficult clinically and microbiologically. The phylogenetic analysis of the Bacillus anthracis strain PF1 confirmed its relatedness to the injectional anthrax European outbreak group-II.</jats:p>

Antibodies against Anthrax Toxins: A Long Way from Benchlab to the Bedside

“…The gastrointestinal anthrax develops after contaminated meat consumption. Finally, a fourth form of anthrax was more recently identified [ 5 ]. This form results from the injection of drug contaminated by spores.…”