Case Report of Leishmaniasis in Four Cats

Pennisi, M. G.; Venza, M.; Reale, Stefano; Vitale, Fabrizio; Giudice, Stefania

doi:10.1023/b:verc.0000045447.96444.be

Cited by 59 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…The PCR primers (forward, 5'-GGTTAGCCGATGGTGGTCTT-3', reverse, 5'-GCTATATCATATGTCCAAGCACTTACCT-3') and the TaqMan ® internal probe (5'-ACCACCTAAGGTCAACCC-3') (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) were designed from a kDNA minicircle sequence of a mediterrean region isolate of L. infantum (Genebank A/N AF169140 (Rioux et al, 1968), Italy (Gramicia et al, 1982), Portugal (Abranches et al, 1984) and Spain (Fisa et al, 1999), and black rats in Italy (Gradoni et al, 1983) and Spain (Morillas-Márquez et al, 1985), which have been considered wild reservoirs. Cats in Portugal (Durão et al, 1994), Spain (Hervas et al, 1999), France (Ozon et al, 1998) and Italy (Poli et al, 2002;Pennisi et al, 2004), and a wolf in Portugal (Rebelo, personal communication) have also been found parasitized and generally considered as accidental hosts. Horses infected with Leishmania have been detected in South and Central America (Aguilar et al, 1984;Oliveira-Neto et al, 1988;Ramos-Vara et al 1996), Germany (Koehler et al, 2002) and Spain (Solano-Gállego et al, 2003).…”

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Equine infection withLeishmaniain Portugal

et al. 2005

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Summary :The present report describes the first case of equine leishmaniasis in Portugal. Leishmania infection was detected in one animal, which presented an ulcerated skin lesion. Diagnosis was based on serology by CIE, and parasite DNA detection by real-time PCR using a probe specific for L. infantum. This finding requests further leishmaniasis equine surveys in order to clarify the role of the horse as reservoir host in european endemic areas. Résumé MATERIAL AND RESULTS The present study was conducted within the framework of a canine epidemiological survey in the endemic Metropolitan Region of Lisbon. A serological screening was carried out in 13 horses living in a farm from the referred endemic area, where three dogs were previously diagnosed with leishmaniasis. The horses were born in Portugal and had never travelled abroad. Serological samples were analysed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The CIE was carried out according to the procedure of Campino et al. (1995), using cultured promastigotes of L. infantum MON-1 as antigen. Sera samples were used undiluted and all the reactions with at least one precipitation arc were considered positive. DNA was extracted from skin biopsy samples (PCR template preparation kit, Roche, Germany) and analysed by real-time TaqMan ' PCR for Leishmania DNA detection (Rolão et al., 2004). The PCR primers (forward, 5'-GGTTAGCCGATGGTGGTCTT-3', reverse, 5'-GCTATATCATATGTCCAAGCACTTACCT-3') and the TaqMan ® internal probe (5'-ACCACCTAAGGTCAACCC-3') (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) were designed from a kDNA minicircle sequence of a mediterrean region isolate of L. infantum (Genebank A/N AF169140). Briefly, 2 µl of each DNA sample were added to a reaction mix consisting of et al., 1984) and Spain (Fisa et al., 1999), and black rats in Italy (Gradoni et al., 1983) and Spain (Morillas-Márquez et al., 1985), which have been considered wild reservoirs. Cats in Portugal (Durão et al., 1994), Spain (Hervas et al., 1999), France (Ozon et al., 1998) and Italy (Poli et al., 2002;Pennisi et al., 2004), and a wolf in Portugal (Rebelo, personal communication) have also been found parasitized and generally considered as accidental hosts. Horses infected with Leishmania have been detected in South and Central America (Aguilar et al., 1984;Oliveira-Neto et al., 1988;Ramos-Vara et al. 1996), Germany (Koehler et al., 2002) and Spain (Solano-Gállego et al., 2003). In this report, we describe the first autochthonous case of equine infection due to L. infantum in Portugal. a final volume of 20 µl. Optimal conditions for PCR amplification were: 95º C for 10 min and 40 cycles consisting of 95º C for 15 sec and 60º C for 60 sec. The PCR reactions were performed in the ABI PRISM ' 5700 System (Perkin-Elmer, Applied Biosystems). One of the horses presented a single irregular ulcerative skin lesion of 2.5 × 1 cm in size in the right metatarsus, which evolved from a small erosion within two months. Analysis by CIE (Fig. 1) revealed the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies in the horse se...

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Equine infection withLeishmaniain Portugal

et al. 2005

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“…Also in Brazil, Savani et al (2004) and Silva et al (2008) found Leishmania (L.) infantum. The latter has been equally described in cats in France (Ozon et al, 1998), Italy (Pennisi et al., 2004), Spain (Ayllon et al, 2008) and Iran (Hatan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Treatment may be based on allopurinol, meglumine antimoniate and ketoconazole (Pennisi et al, 2004). Rüfenacht et al (2005) reported the use of griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, selamectin, lufenuron, cephalexin and prednisolone for leishmaniasis treatment in cats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Parasites in Domestic Cats

Coelho¹,

Apolinário²,

Gomes³

et al. 2012

Zoonosis

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“…Μέχρι σήμερα δεν έχει διαπιστωθεί προδιάθεση ως προς την ηλικία (2-14 ετών), το φύλο ή τη φυλή (τα περισσότερα περιστατικά αφορούσαν στην κοινή ευρωπαϊκή φυλή), με τις περισσότερες ασθενείς γάτες να έχουν πρόσβαση σε εξωτερικό περιβάλλον ή να ζουν συνέχεια έξω από το σπίτι (Herväs et al 1999, Herväs et al 2001, Pennisi 2002, Poli et al 2002, Pennisi et al 2004, Grevot et al 2005, Marcos et al 2009, Navarro et al 2010). …”

Section: παθογενεια καινικη εικονα και εργαστηριακα ευρηματαunclassified

Feline leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi)

Chatzis

Saridomichelakis

Koutinas

2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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From the beginning of the 20th century, feline infections by at least eight different Leishmania species have been sporadically reported, worldwide. In the Mediterranean countries, feline infection imposed by L. infantum, the aetiological agent of canine leishmaniosis and human visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, is of particular importance, because cats may represent a "secondary reservoir" of the parasite in the nature. Although the prevalence of the infection may be as high as 60%, most infected cats are resistant and remain asymptomatic, while only occasionally, they may present cutaneous and/or ocular lesions, and perhaps systemic clinical signs. In feline leishmaniosis, ulcers and nodules, usually localized at mucocutaneous junctions, planum nasale, face and ear pinnae, constitute the mainstream of cutaneous lesions. In a small number of cases, exfoliative dermatitis and pododermatitis have been noted, whereas a cause-and-effect relationship, between feline leishmaniosis and the presence of papules, crusts and generalized alopecia remains speculative. Ocular lesions, such as those associated with conjunctivitis, (ulcerative) keratitis, posterior or anterior uveitis, chorioretinitis and panopthalmitis are relatively common. The only systemic signs that have been constantly associated with feline leishmaniosis are peripheral lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and chronic nephritis that may lead to chronic renal failure. The most consistent laboratory abnormality is hyperglobulinaemia that is usually polyclonal. Feline leishmaniosis can co-exist with various other infectious and non-infectious diseases that may alter its clinical picture and/or influence the immunological response of the infected cat. Diagnosis is usually based on the results of cytology,histopathology, immunohistochemistry, culture, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Apart from the advantages and limitations inherent to each of these methods, their diagnostic value depends on many factors, such as the biological sample being used, the reagents and the particular technique employed. Leishmania amastigotes can be detected by applying bone marrow, lymph node, spleen, cutaneous and ocular cytology, histopathology, and/or immunohistochemistry, which are 100% specific. Serology may underestimate or even overestimate the frequency of the infection in the endemic areas, depending on the methodology and the cut-off value, whereas PCR, that can be performed on the tissues mentioned before, plus the peripheral blood may be a better option for epidemiological studies. Although a uniformly effective treatment for symptomatic cats has not been established yet, long-term allopurinol administration, along with the management of any concurrent diseases, is the only treatment to suggest at moment.

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Case Report of Leishmaniasis in Four Cats

Cited by 59 publications

References 1 publication

Equine infection withLeishmaniain Portugal

Equine infection withLeishmaniain Portugal

Gastrointestinal Parasites in Domestic Cats

Feline leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi)

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