Case report of patient experience influenced by inadequate interactions between primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare services in the south of Saudi Arabia
Abstract:This report explains how health system failure can hinder provision of healthcare for a common health problem. Inadequate healthcare delivery can create barriers, lead to stress, prolong waiting time, and affect overall well‐being of patients.
“…The region is served with 20 Hospitals employing 1,505 physicians serve the region, and 3,753 nurses (Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, 2016). As a developing nation, the KSA has a healthcare system that comprises primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals (Gosadi, 2020). The 20 general hospitals comprise 17 secondary, two tertiary and one mental health hospital.…”
Section: Materials and Me Thodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in developing countries, the occurrence rate of these injuries remains high due to a lack of safe injection training and procedures and a lack of awareness on blood-borne illnesses (Chowdhury et al, 2011;Gosadi, 2020;Pandit & Choudhary, 2008). Among HCW, nurses are exposed to many sharps and a high risk of blood-borne infectious diseases.…”
Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) are accidental piercings of the body, sustained in association with the use of devices such as needles, ampoules and lancets that are used in healthcare settings, and they constitute an occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs;Zhang et al., 2009). These injuries may lead to the development of serious diseases among HCWs. Global estimates show that more than 35 million HCWs sustain NSSIs, annually; according to the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, in the United States alone, the corresponding value is 385,000 (Deisenhammer et al., 2006;Elmi et al., 2018;Rezaeian et al., 2012). It has been shown that 86% of all infections contracted by HCWs arise from NSSIs (Rakesh et al., 2010). The danger associated with these injuries is strong, as many dangerous pathogens can be transmitted through them, such as the hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus, for which the disability-adjusted life years between 2000 and 2030 were estimated at 9, 177 and 679, respectively (Elmi
“…The region is served with 20 Hospitals employing 1,505 physicians serve the region, and 3,753 nurses (Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, 2016). As a developing nation, the KSA has a healthcare system that comprises primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals (Gosadi, 2020). The 20 general hospitals comprise 17 secondary, two tertiary and one mental health hospital.…”
Section: Materials and Me Thodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, in developing countries, the occurrence rate of these injuries remains high due to a lack of safe injection training and procedures and a lack of awareness on blood-borne illnesses (Chowdhury et al, 2011;Gosadi, 2020;Pandit & Choudhary, 2008). Among HCW, nurses are exposed to many sharps and a high risk of blood-borne infectious diseases.…”
Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) are accidental piercings of the body, sustained in association with the use of devices such as needles, ampoules and lancets that are used in healthcare settings, and they constitute an occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs;Zhang et al., 2009). These injuries may lead to the development of serious diseases among HCWs. Global estimates show that more than 35 million HCWs sustain NSSIs, annually; according to the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, in the United States alone, the corresponding value is 385,000 (Deisenhammer et al., 2006;Elmi et al., 2018;Rezaeian et al., 2012). It has been shown that 86% of all infections contracted by HCWs arise from NSSIs (Rakesh et al., 2010). The danger associated with these injuries is strong, as many dangerous pathogens can be transmitted through them, such as the hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus, for which the disability-adjusted life years between 2000 and 2030 were estimated at 9, 177 and 679, respectively (Elmi
“…This continued growth has led to healthcare challenges such as increased population, resulting in high health care costs. Jazan is considered one of the regions with the lowest healthcare quality in the country [ 18 ]. Fig.…”
Background
It is impossible to attain good general health without maintaining oral health and this becomes problematic when dental services are located far from the population that needs to utilise them. This study aimed to assess the geographic accessibility of dental clinics located in public primary healthcare clinics (PHCs) and hospitals in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia and how long it takes to reach them by car and on foot.
Methods
The location of clinics and hospitals, maps of road systems, and the governorates' borders (administrative areas) within the Jazan region were downloaded using the QGIS mapping tool. The time taken to travel to the clinics and hospitals, either by driving or walking, was assessed. If the time was 30 min or less, residents in the area were classified as ‘serviced’. It was more than 30 min, they were ‘underserved’.
Results
Only 31% of Jazan residents were found to live in a serviced area if they drove to clinics and hospitals. Residents of Jazan's seven mountainous governorates were more likely to require services. Only 40% could drive less than 30 min to a primary health dental clinic. Only 19% of people could walk to a hospital in less than 30 min. Only two governorates had a majority of residents who lived in serviced areas.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates an accessibility issue, as many Jazan inhabitants must drive or walk for an extended period (> 30 min) to reach a healthcare facility, whether a primary health care centre or a hospital. This issue may result in many people not receiving necessary health care, compromising their oral health status. Additional research is needed to identify public, private and other health facilities in the region and the prevalence of oral disease.
“…Informative sessions for medical personnel on basic oral health problems can help physicians to make appropriate referrals [61], which should be a feature of oral health care in Saudi Arabia. A study found that the health system in Jazan has an inadequate referral system for delivering high-quality health services [12]. However, adopting a referral system in Jazan can make dental care less costly and help the public to access effective oral care solutions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on a 2019 survey on patient’s satisfaction with the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) services, about 72.2% of the patients indicated their satisfaction. However, the Jazan region scored the lowest patient satisfaction compared to other regions [12]. Also, Jazan recorded a high prevalence of dental caries because of inadequate oral-hygiene practices, high consumption of soft drinks, and high sugar consumption, which is considered to be widespread in Saudi Arabia [13].…”
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The construct of dental access adopted in this study uses the following 4 main dimensions: opportunity for access, realized access or utilization, equity, and outcome. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> The principal aims of this study were to identify various indicators used in the literature to measure each dimension of access in Saudi Arabia, to summarize and map the range of existing research with policy implications, to identify gaps in research, and to consider implications for future research. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This scoping review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, as well as manually. Additional relevant publications were identified by manually searching the reference list of the included studies. Data were extracted based on the 4 dimensions of the access framework. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The search strategy yielded 230 studies, of which 16 were included after full-text revision. Of the 4 domains, the most explored and in all included studies were realized access, but no differentiation was made by the authors between initial utilization and continued engagement. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> An overview of different policy suggestions has been provided. In particular, we recommend making better use of teledentistry, improving referral services between dentists and physicians, and offering more education on dental prevention in schools’ health-service sites.
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