Case report on mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus - Electron microscopy and recovery of canine coronavirus.

Yasoshima, Akira; Fujinami, Fujio; Doi, Kunio; Kojima, Aya; Takada, Hiroshi; Okaniwa, Azusa

doi:10.1292/jvms1939.45.217

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this study we found that a high percentage (44.1%) of dogs had antibodies to CCV, in accordance with the results of a study done in 1983 which found a percentage of 46.2% out of 13 dogs [28]. These results suggest that CCV has been widespread in dogs in Japan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This scenario would make CCV infection a far greater threat to the animal's health. The present study demonstrated that mixed infections with CCV and CPV are indeed common in the field, as expected previously [28]. This suggests that it may be as important to protect dogs against infection with CCV as it is to vaccinate against CPV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Meanwhile, CCV was first isolated in Japan in the early 1980s [28], but the antigenic and pathogenic properties of these strains were not studied in detail. Furthermore it is not clear how widespread CCV infection is in dogs in Japan nowadays.…”

Section: Virus Isolation and Reference Ccvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Coronavirus Infections in Japan: Virological and Epidemiological Aspects

Bandai

Ishiguro

Masuya

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Ten strains, eight field and two reference laboratory strains, of canine coronavirus (CCV) were comparatively examined with respect to antigenic relationships and pathogenic potential in dogs. With monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune antisera to feline coronavirus and CCV, respectively, varying degrees of antigenic diversities were found among the strains by neutralization and immunofluorescence assays, but it was felt that they belong to one serotype. Specific-pathogen-free puppies experimentally inoculated with some CCV strains manifested clinical symptoms, but there was a difference in their virulence. In order to elucidate the prevalence of CCV infections in dogs in Japan, we tested for neutralizing antibodies to CCV in 467 field dogs, and found a prevalence of 44.1%. Moreover, by using nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on rectal swabs of 100 diarrheic dogs recently presented in veterinary clinics, evidence of CCV in 16% of these specimens was found. The results suggested that CCV infection is more widespread than expected in dogs, and that CCV is a significant etiologic factor in canine diarrhea also in Japan.-KEY WORDS: canine, canine coronavirus, diarrhea, enteritis.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61 (7): [731][732][733][734][735][736] 1999 we examined eight strains newly isolated from diarrheic dogs, and two American strains as reference with respect to their antigenic and pathogenic characteristics. For serological epidemiology of CCV infection, neutralizing antibodies to CCV in dog serum samples recently collected were determined. In addition, we applied nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) for detection of CCV in the recent field diarrheic dog feces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus isolation and reference CCVs:Isolation of CCV was tried for feces of diarrheic dogs collected from various parts of Japan during the years 1990 to 1997. A rectal swab was placed in 1 ml of Eagle's minimal essential medium (Eagle's MEM), the extract was clarified by centrifugation at 8,500 g for 10 min, and supernatant was inoculated onto the felis cutus whole fetus-4 (fcwf-4) cell monolayer in a culture dish. After 1hr of adsorption, the inoculum was removed and the conditioned Eagle's MEM containing 5% fetal calf serum, 10% tryptose phosphate broth and antibiotics (penicillin 200 U, streptomycin 200 µg and kanamycin 20 µg/ml) was added. Then they were incubated at 37°C in a humidified chamber containing 5% CO2. When a cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed, an isolate was identified by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to FCoV, as described previously [13].Reference CCV strains 1-71 and TN449 were obtained from Tokyo University, Tokyo and Fort Dodge Laboratories, Iowa, respectively.MAbs and hyperimmune antisera: A MAb reagent, which is a mixture of MAbs against each nucleocapsid, integral membrane and spike protein of FCoV, was used for

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Canine Coronavirus Infections in Japan: Virological and Epidemiological Aspects

Bandai

Ishiguro

Masuya

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Although CCoV infections appear to be a minor cause of life-threatening enteritis in dogs, severe illness as a consequence of dual infections has been observed [3,11,27,46]. Since polymicrobial infections are common in high-density populations, such as in unvaccinated kennels, and knowing that some dogs shed the virus for periods as long as 6 months after clinical signs have ceased [26,29], it seems likely that the immunisation of dogs that would produce a sterilising immunity against CCoV, would have beneficial epidemiological effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptoms may vary, but are more severe in young pups, or in combination with other pathogens; common signs are soft faeces or fluid diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, loss of appetite and, occasionally, death. Dual infections by CCoV and CPV2 and/or other pathogens are especially severe when infections occur simultaneously [3,11,27,46]. It has also been shown that CCoV enhances the severity of a sequential CPV2 infection [24].…”

Section: Canine Coronavirus Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evolution of canine coronavirus and recent advances in prophylaxis

Pratelli¹

2006

Vet. Res.

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-Since the first identification of the virus in 1971, the disease caused by canine coronavirus (CCoV) has not been adequately investigated and the role that the virus plays in canine enteric illness has still not been well established. In the last decade, as a consequence of the relatively high mutation frequency of RNA positive stranded viruses, CCoV has evolved and a new genotype has been identified in the faeces of infected dogs. The several studies carried out by different researchers have focused upon the epidemiological relevance of these viruses and, considering the wide diffusion of CCoV infections among dog populations, the author underlines the need for further investigation on the biology of CCoV and on the pathogenetic role of their infections.

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Serological survey on canine coronavirus antibodies in giant pandas by virus neutralization test

Qiao

Xia

Wang

et al. 2004

Journal of Forestry Research

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In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda's sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCIDso of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.9%. The titers of neutralizing antibody ranged from 1:8 to 1:32. It was the first comprehensive investigation on neutralization antibodies against CCV in giant panda population in China. The results of study showed that the infection of CCV in giant panda population was universal, which has posed a threat to the health of giant panda. Therefore, it is incumbent on us to study safe and effective vaccines to protect giant panda against CCV infection.

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Case report on mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus - Electron microscopy and recovery of canine coronavirus.

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Canine Coronavirus Infections in Japan: Virological and Epidemiological Aspects

Canine Coronavirus Infections in Japan: Virological and Epidemiological Aspects

Genetic evolution of canine coronavirus and recent advances in prophylaxis

Serological survey on canine coronavirus antibodies in giant pandas by virus neutralization test

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