2022
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.782601
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Case Report: Three-Dimensional Printing–Assisted Surgical Treatment of Complex Body Vein Ectopic Drainage

Abstract: IntroductionComplex ectopic drainage of body veins is a rare congenital disease. Its preoperative diagnosis and surgical choice can be considerable challenges.Case SummaryA 5-year-old patient was diagnosed precisely by preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and three-dimensional (3D) printing of the heart and great blood vessels. The operation was performed successfully using flexible intraoperative intubation strategies.Conclusion3D printi… Show more

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“…Its onset depends on several risk factors including age, race, and personal habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status and comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Depending on the cause of its insurgence, stroke can be classified in the two following main categories: the hemorrhagic and the ischemic.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its onset depends on several risk factors including age, race, and personal habits such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status and comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Depending on the cause of its insurgence, stroke can be classified in the two following main categories: the hemorrhagic and the ischemic.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%