Case report: Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of ano-rectal varices

Lee, S.H.

doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)82921-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Rectal varices occur much more commonly in patients with portal hypertension (especially those that have undergone sclerotherapy of esophageal varices), but hemorrhoids occur no more commonly in cirrhotics than in age-matched controls [77]. Diagnosis is usually made endoscopically but can also be made with endoscopic ultrasound with or without color Doppler [85][86][87]. Even transvaginal sonography has been used to diagnose rectal varices [88].…”

Section: Colorectal Varicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraesophageal Varices

Kotfila¹,

Trudeau²

1998

Dig Dis

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Esophageal varices are the most common site of variceal bleeding. However, bleeding from varices that are not located in the esophagus may account for up to 30% of all variceal bleeding. Significant varices can occur in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum, and biliary tree. They can also occur at the site of a surgical ostomy. These types of varices bleed less commonly than esophageal varices, but they can also be far more difficult to diagnose and treat. The absence of stigmata of recent esophageal variceal bleeding and certain clues in the patient’s history and clinical presentation should raise the clinician’s suspicion of an extraesophageal site of variceal bleeding. Particularly, patients with extrahepatic causes of portal hypertension, cirrhotic patients with a prior history of gastrointestinal surgery, and patients who present with profound bleeding but without hematemesis need to be evaluated further if an obvious site of esophageal variceal bleeding is not seen on initial endoscopy. In this article, we review the features particular to extraesophageal varices as well as the diagnosis and management of bleeding from these varices. We use the term extraesophageal rather than ectopic because the term ectopic varices implies exclusion of both esophageal and gastric varices.

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Section: Colorectal Varicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraesophageal Varices

Kotfila¹,

Trudeau²

1998

Dig Dis

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“…The use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of anorectal varices has been reported from the mid 1990s [3]. More recently, color Doppler ultrasonography has been demonstrated to be 100% sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of high pressure anorectal varices in patients with portal hypertension [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhoidal artery ligation operation for the treatment of symptomatic anorectal varices

Underwood¹,

Brent²,

Nash³

2010

Colorectal Disease

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“…9 Rectal varices arise from portosystemic collaterals in the submucosa of the lower rectum and anal canal where the superior hemorrhoidal veins (portal circulation) join with the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins (systemic circulation). 10 Hosking et al reported a prevalence of 44% for rectal varices in patients with cirrhosis 11 ; however, the occurrence of rectal varices varied widely among reports, ranging from 3.6% to 78%. [12][13][14][15] The discrepancies might be caused by differences in patient selection, defi nition of varices, and modalities used for examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic evaluation of rectal varices by color Doppler ultrasonography: a case report

et al. 2007

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A 69-year-old man with liver cirrhosis was admitted to our hospital with general fatigue. Colonoscopy revealed risky red color sign-positive enlarged tortuous rectal varices. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) was performed three times weekly using 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol; the total amount of sclerosant was 7 ml. Images of rectal varices and the outflowing vessel from rectal varices were obtained via color Doppler ultrasonography before EIS, and fast Fourier transform analysis showed a continuous flow with a frequency shift of 276.6 Hz. We successfully performed EIS for this patient, having effective varicealography. After EIS, colonoscopy revealed shrinkage of the varices in the rectum, and color Doppler indicated an extreme decrease of blood flow in the rectal varices. In conclusion, color Doppler is a useful noninvasive modality for detecting rectal varices and for evaluating the therapeutic effects of EIS.

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Case report: Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of ano-rectal varices

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Extraesophageal Varices

Extraesophageal Varices

Haemorrhoidal artery ligation operation for the treatment of symptomatic anorectal varices

Hemodynamic evaluation of rectal varices by color Doppler ultrasonography: a case report

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