Case studies of rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and Q fever in Slovak population from 2011 to 2020

Špitalská, Eva; Boldišová, Eva; Palkovičová, Katarína; Sekeyová, Zuzana; Škultéty, Ľudovít

doi:10.1007/s11756-021-00838-2

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The country‐wise highest pooled prevalence of coxiellosis in sheep (44.24%) was found in Slovakia. Coxiellosis was not a serious zoonosis in Slovakia, as reported earlier (Serbezov et al., 1999), but the situation has deteriorated over time, possibly due to an imported infection from abroad (Špitalská et al., 2021). The high estimation could also be attributed to a smaller number of studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ahaduzzaman,

Reza

2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundCoxiellosis is a neglected zoonosis for occupationally exposed people in many parts of the world. Sheep and goats are two important small ruminants that act as reservoirs for human contamination; however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the epidemiological aspects of coxiellosis in sheep and goats at regional and global levels. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available articles on seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep and goats and estimate the overall seroprevalence in different regions.MethodsA systematic search strategy was performed in five electronic repositories for articles published until December 2021. Relevant data were extracted from the selected articles based on the inclusion criteria. A random effect meta‐analysis model was used to analyse the data. Results are presented as the prevalence of seropositivity as a percentage and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in sheep was 17.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.59%–19.17%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in sheep ranged from 15.04% (95% CI: 7.68%–22.40%) to 19.14% (95% CI: 15.51%–22.77%), depending on region. The global pooled seroprevalence of coxiellosis in goats was 22.60% (95% CI: 19.54%–25.66%). Overall, the regional level pooled prevalence estimates in goats ranged from 6.33% (95% CI: 2.96%–9.71%) to 55.13% (95% CI: 49.61%–60.65%), depending on the region. The prevalence estimates also varied significantly in both sheep and goats depending on age, sex, and rearing systems of the animals (p < 0.001).ConclusionSeroprevalence of coxiellosis in both sheep and goats is considerable. Routine monitoring of the sheep and goat populations is needed to prevent spillover infection in other livestock and humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ahaduzzaman,

Reza

2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Human cases are rare (Avdičová et al 2019), but their part may be misdiagnosed or remain undiagnosed. Up to date only two patients with clinical symptomatic of arthralgia, fever and myalgia have been laboratory confirmed by positive findings of morulae in the granulocytes and positive PCR of the blood (Nováková et al 2010;Špitalská et al 2021a). Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were found in sera of 25% patients with a history of tick bite in central Slovakia.…”

Section: Anaplasma Phagocytophilummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rickettsioses caused by SFG rickettsiae are reportable to the Regional Authority of Public Health of the Slovak Republic, but only sporadic human cases have been confirmed thus far (https://www.uvzsr.sk; Avdičová et al 2019;Špitalská et al 2021a).…”

Section: Rickettsia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and their epidemiological role in Slovakia: from the past till present

et al. 2021

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In Slovakia, 22 tick species have been found to occur to date. Among them, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus and marginally Haemaphysalis concinna, H. inermis and H. punctata have been identified as the species of public health relevance. Ticks in Slovakia were found to harbour and transmit zoonotic and/or potentially zoonotic agents such as tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV), spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, the relapsing fever sprirochaete Borrelia miyamotoi, bacteria belonging to the orders Rickettsiales (Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis), Legionellales (Coxiella burnetii), and Thiotrichales (Francisella tularensis), and Babesia spp. parasites (order Piroplasmida). Ixodes ricinus is the principal vector of the largest variety of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria and piroplasms. TBEV, B. burgdorferi s.l., rickettsiae of the spotted fever group, C. burnetii and F. tularensis have been found to cause serious diseases in humans, whereas B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, N. mikurensis, Babesia microti, and B. venatorum pose lower or potential risk to humans. Distribution of TBEV has a focal character. During the last few decades, new tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci and their spread to new areas have been registered and TBE incidence rates have increased. Moreover, Slovakia reports the highest rates of alimentary TBE infections among the European countries. Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochaetes are spread throughout the distribution range of I. ricinus. Incidence rates of LB have shown a slightly increasing trend since 2010. Only a few sporadic cases of human rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and babesiosis have been confirmed thus far in Slovakia. The latest large outbreaks of Q fever and tularaemia were recorded in 1993 and 1967, respectively. Since then, a few human cases of Q fever have been reported almost each year. Changes in the epidemiological characteristics and clinical forms of tularaemia have been observed during the last few decades. Global changes and development of modern molecular tools led to the discovery and identification of emerging or new tick-borne microorganisms and symbionts with unknown zoonotic potential. In this review, we provide a historical overview of research on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Slovakia with the most important milestones and recent findings, and outline future directions in the investigation of ticks as ectoparasites and vectors of zoonotic agents and in the study of tick-borne diseases.Keywords Tick-borne pathogens . Tick-borne encephalitis virus . Borrelia . Anaplasma . Rickettsia . Coxiella burnetii . Francisella tularensis . Babesia

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“…Several cases of DEBONEL/TIBOLA have been described so far in Europe, including Poland 14 , 15 , 51 – 54 . At the site of Dermacentor tick bite, a high percentage of patients develop an inoculation eschar (necrosis) surrounded by an erythema and regional enlarged and painful lymphadenopathies 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

Koczwarska,

Pawełczyk,

Dunaj-Małyszko

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are sporadically removed from human skin and therefore the medical consequences of their feeding are neglected compared to Ixodes ricinus. We investigated the prevalence of pathogens in D. reticulatus removed from human skin and possible clinical manifestations suggestive of tick-borne diseases after a tick bite. A total of 2153 ticks were studied and of these only 34 were D. reticulatus. The mean prevalence of Rickettsia in D. reticulatus was 50.0% and R. raoultii was identified in 82.4% of infected D. reticulatus ticks. We confirmed the first case of R. aeschlimannii infection in D. reticulatus ticks. Among participants bitten by D. reticulatus, 13.3% reported reddening around the tick bite site and flu-like symptoms, including lymphadenopathy and 3.3% reported eschar on the tick site bite. All of the participants with flu-like symptoms after tick removal were bitten by ticks infected with R. raoultii. The results of this study indicate that even though D. reticulatus ticks bite humans sporadically, pathogenic Rickettsia have a remarkably high prevalence in this tick species. We can expect that the incidence of tick-borne lymphadenopathy might increase with the reported expansion of the D. reticulatus into new areas and its growing abundance in Central Europe.

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Case studies of rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and Q fever in Slovak population from 2011 to 2020

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Global and regional seroprevalence of coxiellosis in small ruminants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ticks and their epidemiological role in Slovakia: from the past till present

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite

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