“…This supports and formalizes activities such as requirements specification, trade space analysis, design, system analysis, verification, and validation. 31 SE applications span across diverse industry sectors, including: aerospace and avionics, [32][33][34][35][36] automotive engineering, [37][38][39] biochemical engineering, [40][41][42] civil engineering and transportation, 43,44 cybersecurity, 45,46 defense, [47][48][49] disaster management, [50][51][52] energy grids, [53][54][55] product manufacturing, [56][57][58] chemical engineering, [59][60][61][62][63] and nuclear engineering. 64,65 However, industries like aerospace, energy, and automotive integrate SE practices comparatively more than industries like consumer electronics, healthcare, and construction.…”