Case Study: Effects of a Partial-Debris Dam on Riverbank Erosion in the Parlung Tsangpo River, China

Choi, Clarence Edward; Cui, Yifei; Au, Kelvin Yuk Kit; Liu, Haiming; Wang, Jiao; Liu, Dingzhu; Wang, Hao

doi:10.3390/w10030250

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A watershed is a hydrological unit commonly used in natural resource management and planning. It is more common to study debris flow hazards based on watershed units [45][46][47]. In this paper, the extraction of watersheds by creating a watershed boundary was achieved using 30-m resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in ArcGIS software.…”

Section: Fire Analysis Using the Shortwave Infrared (Swir) And Normalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Post-Fire Debris Flows in Montecito

Cui

Cheng

Chan

2018

IJGI

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Debris flows in a burned area, post-fire debris flows, are considered as one of the most dangerous geo-hazards due to their high velocity, long run-out distance, and huge destruction to infrastructures. The rainfall threshold to trigger such hazards is often reduced compared with normal debris flow because ashes generated by mountain fires reduce the permeability of the top soil layer, thus increasing surface runoff. At the same time, burnt material and residual debris have very poor geo-mechanical characteristics, e.g., their internal friction angle and cohesion are typically low, and thus an intense rainfall can easily trigger some debris flows. Studying post-fire debris flow enables us to get a deeper understanding of disaster management. In this paper, the debris flow that occurred in Montecito, California, USA, and was affected by the Thomas Fire was used as a case study. Five major watersheds were extracted based on the digital elevation model (DEM). Remote sensing images were used to analyze the wildfire process, the extent of the burned areas, and the burn severity. The hypsometric integral (HI) and short-duration rainfall records of the watersheds around Montecito when the post-fire debris flows occurred were analyzed. Steep terrain, loose and abundant deposits, and sufficient water supply are the important conditions affecting the formation of debris flows. Taking watersheds as the research objects, HI was used to describe the geomorphic and topographic features, open-access rainfall data was used to represent the water supply, and burn severity represented the abundance of material sources. An occurrence probability model of post-fire debris flow based on HI, short-duration heavy rainfall, and burn severity was developed by using a logistic regression model in post-fire areas. By using this model, the occurrence probability of the post-fire debris flow in different watersheds around Montecito was analyzed based on the precipitation with time. Especially, the change characteristics of occurrence probability of debris flows over time based on the model bring a new perspective to observe the obvious change of the danger of post-fire debris flows and it is very useful for early warning of post-fire debris flows.

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Section: Fire Analysis Using the Shortwave Infrared (Swir) And Normalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Post-Fire Debris Flows in Montecito

Cui

Cheng

Chan

2018

IJGI

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“…Equation 2 assumes that the flow is frictional in nature, so Coulomb's friction law is adopted. An assumption of a frictional flow is reasonable for subaerial debris flows because they generally consist of coarse sand and gravel (Choi et al., 2018). However, submarine debris flows mainly consist of fine particles (i.e., clay, silt), which increase the viscosity of the interstitial fluid, and thus the timescales for pore pressure diffusion (Iverson, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Submarine Debris Flow Growth

Song

et al. 2022

JGR Earth Surface

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Submarine debris flows are among the largest types of landslide on planet Earth. They occur under the cloak of the sea so little is known about how they reach such large volumes. Field evidence suggests that the entrainment from the sediment‐rich sea floor enables the growth of submarine debris flows. However, there is a dearth of understanding of the dynamic processes of entrainment. In this study, a new entrainment model is proposed for submarine debris flows with different clay contents. The entrainment model considers the relative contributions from basal grain friction and fluid viscous stresses that drive the entrainment process, and the effects of hydroplaning. To evaluate the new model, a new experimental setup is developed to simulate submarine debris flows, with clay contents from 4% to 12%, overriding and entraining a loose sand bed. The clay content is found to have profound effects on the entrainment dynamics. Flows with high clay contents (i.e., ≥10%) hydroplane, which enhances the mobility of the flow but reduces its entrainment potential. The predicted entrainment depths from the proposed model are consistent with the measured ones from the experiments. The proposed theoretical model and unique experimental evidence can be used as guiding tools to progress toward the inclusion of entrainment in vulnerability assessments of offshore infrastructure.

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“…As a result of earthquake, rainfall, snow melting and other factors, soil or rock slopes slide and block the valley or river, forming a landslide dam (Costa and Schuster, 1988;Korup, 2002;Dunning et al, 2007;Huang, 2009;Chen et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2020). As a natural dam, the landslide dam body consists of loose and un-compacted materials, and it is easy to burst in a very short time, resulting in a large number of floods, threatening the safety of life and property in up-and-down stream districts (Zhou et al, 2013;Fan et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2016;Choi et al, 2018;Liao et al, 2020). The Wenchuan earthquake induced numerous landslide dams in densely populated areas, on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Field Test Study on Failure Mechanism of Non-Cohesive Landslide Dam by Overtopping

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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In recent years, landslide lake disasters occur frequently in southwest mountainous areas of China. Considering the influence of dam size and discharge channel location, three large-scale field tests were carried out in a natural river to study the failure process and mechanism of non-cohesive soil landslide dam, and the process and mechanism of non-cohesive landslide dam breach were analyzed. The results show that the dam size and discharge channel location have a significant influence on the breach mechanism of the landslide dam. The dam failure process can be divided into three stages: the initiation stage, the development stage and the failure stage. When the discharge channel is located close to the bank, the width of the breach is smaller, and the volume of the residual dam body is larger. The more stable the dam body is, the longer the breach process time is, and the smaller the peak discharge is. This study can provide a scientific reference for the emergency disposal and risk assessment of landslide dam.

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Case Study: Effects of a Partial-Debris Dam on Riverbank Erosion in the Parlung Tsangpo River, China

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation of Post-Fire Debris Flows in Montecito

Investigation of Post-Fire Debris Flows in Montecito

Mechanisms of Submarine Debris Flow Growth

Large-Scale Field Test Study on Failure Mechanism of Non-Cohesive Landslide Dam by Overtopping

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