Case Study of Two Post Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections with P1 Variants in CoronaVac Vaccinees in Brazil

Estofolete, Cássia Fernanda; Banho, Cecília Ártico; Campos, Guilherme Rodrigues Fernandes; Marques, Beatriz de Carvalho; Sacchetto, Lívia; Ullmann, Leila Sabrina; Possebon, Fábio Sossai; Machado, Luana; Syrio, Juliana D.; Araújo, João Pessoa; Bittar, Cíntia; Rahal, Paula; Lobo, Suzana Margareth; Ferreira, Helena Lage; Vasilakis, Nikos; Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda

doi:10.3390/v13071237

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After mRNA vaccine administration such as Pfizer or Moderna (mRNA-1273, Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA), breakthrough confirmed cases were reported worldwide, mainly caused by VOCs such as Alpha B.1.1.7 [20][21][22][23] and Beta B.1.351 [21,24], in Israel [20,21], Greece [22], Germany [24], and Belgium [23]. The P1 (Gamma VOC) variant was reported in patients with CoronaVac from Brazil [25]. In the USA, a predominance of B.1.526 (Iota VOI) or B.1.1.7 (Alpha VOC) occurred in breakthrough infections in New York [26,27], Massachusetts [28], and other parts of the country [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Galán-Huerta

Flores-Treviño

Salas-Treviño

et al. 2022

Viruses

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SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) or of interest (VOIs) causing vaccine breakthrough infections pose an increased risk to worldwide public health. An observational case-control study was performed of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in hospitalized or ambulatory patients in Monterrey, Mexico, from April through August 2021. Vaccination breakthrough was defined as a SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred any time after 7 days of inoculation with partial (e.g., first dose of two-dose vaccines) or complete immunization (e.g., second dose of two-dose vaccines or single-dose vaccine, accordingly). Case group patients (n = 53) had partial or complete vaccination schemes with CanSino (45%), Sinovac (19%), Pfizer/BioNTech (15%), and AstraZeneca/Oxford (15%). CanSino was administered most frequently in ambulatory patients (p < 0.01). The control group (n = 19) received no COVID-19 vaccines. Among SARS-CoV-2 variants detected by whole-genome sequencing, VOC Delta B.1.617.2 predominated in vaccinated ambulatory patients (p < 0.01) and AY.4 in hospitalized patients (p = 0.04); VOI Mu B.1.621 was detected in four (7.55%) vaccinated patients. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in our hospital occurred mostly in patients vaccinated with CanSino due to the higher prevalence of CanSino vaccine administration in our population. These patients developed mild COVID-19 symptoms not requiring hospitalization. The significance of this study lies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants compromising the efficacy of local immunization therapies in Monterrey, Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Galán-Huerta

Flores-Treviño

Salas-Treviño

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Although the information presented here must be interpreted with caution because the sample size is small to generalize, some strengths of our study are worth noting, such as the serial testing after vaccination and infection and the measurement of T-cell responses in addition to humoral response. Previous reports have been focused on viral sequence information or antibodies detection on samples obtained after the onset of symptoms (11,12,39,42,43). This new information could be the interest to the scientific community and health authorities due to the urgent need to understand the individual variables that predispose to breakthrough infections and further find a correlate of protection that has not been established to date for SARS-CoV-2 infections; yet, some studies suggest that the level of neutralizing antibody titers is highly predictive of immune protection (40,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Profile and Clinical Outcome of Breakthrough Cases After Vaccination With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

et al. 2021

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Constant efforts to prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are actively carried out around the world. Several vaccines are currently approved for emergency use in the population, while ongoing studies continue to provide information on their safety and effectiveness. CoronaVac is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a good safety and immunogenicity profile as seen in phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials around the world, with an effectiveness of 65.9% for symptomatic cases. Although vaccination reduces the risk of disease, infections can still occur during or after completion of the vaccination schedule (breakthrough cases). This report describes the clinical and immunological profile of vaccine breakthrough cases reported in a clinical trial in progress in Chile that is evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two vaccination schedules of CoronaVac (clinicaltrials.gov NCT04651790). Out of the 2,263 fully vaccinated subjects, at end of June 2021, 45 have reported symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 14 or more days after the second dose (1.99% of fully vaccinated subjects). Of the 45 breakthrough cases, 96% developed mild disease; one case developed a moderate disease; and one developed a severe disease and required mechanical ventilation. Both cases that developed moderate and severe disease were adults over 60 years old and presented comorbidities. The immune response before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection was analyzed in nine vaccine breakthrough cases, revealing that six of them exhibited circulating anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies with neutralizing capacities after immunization, which showed a significant increase 2 and 4 weeks after symptoms onset. Two cases exhibited low circulating anti-S1-RBD IgG and almost non-existing neutralizing capacity after either vaccination or infection, although they developed a mild disease. An increase in the number of interferon-γ-secreting T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 was detected 2 weeks after the second dose in seven cases and after symptoms onset. In conclusion, breakthrough cases were mostly mild and did not necessarily correlate with a lack of vaccine-induced immunity, suggesting that other factors, to be defined in future studies, could lead to symptomatic infection after vaccination with CoronaVac.

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“…The seropositive response was more frequent in females than males, and persons aged between 18–59 years presented with a higher frequency of humoral immunity. A case study in Brazil suggested that CoronaVac reduces the severity of illness after infection by P.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2, however, the argument may be raised on the sample size (2) being too small [ 168 ]. Single-dose of CoronaVac to seropositive persons with a history of COVID-19 infection produced more antibodies than a double-dose of vaccine to seronegative individuals in Indonesia [ 169 ].…”

Section: Vaccines Approved For Public Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges

et al. 2021

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The emergence of a novel coronavirus viz., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its subsequent substantial spread produced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Given its unprecedented infectivity and pathogenicity, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on human health, and its clinical management has been a great challenge, which has led to the development and speedy trials of several vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 at an exceptional pace. As a result, several COVID-19 vaccines were made commercially available in the first half of 2021. Although several COVID-19 vaccines showed promising results, crucial insights into their epidemiology, protective mechanisms, and the propensities of reinfection are not largely reviewed. In the present report, we provided insights into the prospects of vaccination against COVID-19 and assessed diverse vaccination strategies including DNA, mRNA, protein subunits, vector-based, live attenuated, and inactivated whole/viral particle-based vaccines. Next, we reviewed major aspects of various available vaccines approved by the World Health Organization and by the local administrations to use against COVID-19. Moreover, we comprehensively assessed the success of these approved vaccines and also their untoward effects, including the possibility of reinfection. We also provided an update on the vaccines that are under development and could be promising candidates in the future. Conclusively, we provided insights into the COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology, their potency, and propensity for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, while a careful review of their current status, strategies, success, and future challenges was also presented.

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Case Study of Two Post Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infections with P1 Variants in CoronaVac Vaccinees in Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Immune Profile and Clinical Outcome of Breakthrough Cases After Vaccination With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges

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