“…The best example of RO's efficiency in removing ions is dissolved salts ( Yoon et al 2009 , Kheriji et al 2015 ). It has been widely used in aerospace ( Cadotte et al 1981 , Cabrera et al 2014 ), food ( Hafiz et al 2020 ), oil ( Bastos et al 2020 ), gas ( Tang et al 2020 ), galvanic ( Makisha et al 2017 , Innocenzi et al 2020 ), dairy ( Balannec et al 2005 ), pulp and paper ( Mänttäri et al 2007 ), and power plants ( Emamdoost et al 2020 ). Schema 4 A practical method for removing organic, inorganic matter, and microorganisms …”
“…The best example of RO's efficiency in removing ions is dissolved salts ( Yoon et al 2009 , Kheriji et al 2015 ). It has been widely used in aerospace ( Cadotte et al 1981 , Cabrera et al 2014 ), food ( Hafiz et al 2020 ), oil ( Bastos et al 2020 ), gas ( Tang et al 2020 ), galvanic ( Makisha et al 2017 , Innocenzi et al 2020 ), dairy ( Balannec et al 2005 ), pulp and paper ( Mänttäri et al 2007 ), and power plants ( Emamdoost et al 2020 ). Schema 4 A practical method for removing organic, inorganic matter, and microorganisms …”
“…These parameters provide essential information on wastewater quality. They are useful for demonstrating that wastewater meets discharge requirements [9,10]. Chromatographic techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) are most commonly used for the determination of compounds in wastewater [11].…”
“…INTRODUCTION 1 Galvanized wastewater is one of the highly rated toxic wastewater because of its heavy metal contents, organic substances and surfactants, and can be considered among the most polluting wastewater difficult to treat. Therefore, requires special treatment in order to reduce the pollutants' concentration before disposal [1][2][3]. Indiscriminate disposal of galvanized wastewater into the environment contaminates the soil, surface and groundwater and it has been reported to be one of the leading activators of cancer and cardiovascular diseases *Corresponding Author Email: raolaoye@lautech.edu.ng (R. A.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting, improve wear resistance or for ornamental purposes [3]. It consists of sequential electrochemical processes resulting in wastewater generation of different composition [3,6]. There are two widely known processes; the hot-dip galvanization and the cold galvanization [6,7].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several techniques had been employed for the treatment of galvanized wastewater, these include chemical coagulation/flocculation, microfiltratio n , ultrafiltration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, chelating, polyelectrolytes, ionic exchange -electric arc furnace [3][4][5]9]. Most of these techniques are slow, associated with high consumption of reagents and generation of sludge that require disposal in a special engineered landfill which often result in high cost, considerable investment and operating costs, some require large processing areas [2].…”
The adhesion of metal ions from wastewater to surface of a material in an adsorption process had proven to be effective for remediation of wastewater before discharge. There is a growing demand to utilize alternative low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from galvanic wastewater in most developing countries. Cow bones are cheap, readily available and can be sourced locally from slaughterhouses and abattoir. Therefore, their use as an alternative adsorbent for remediation of galvanic wastewater had to be assessed. In this study, the efficacy of cow bone char (CBC) was assessed for simultaneous heavy metal ions removal from real life galvanic wastewater in a competitive adsorption process. The galvanic wastewater was characterized using atomic adsorption spectrophotometry while the CBC was characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Batch experiment was performed to determine the effect of adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation speed on the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions from the galvanized wastewater. The concentrations of Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cr 2+ in the raw wastewater exceeded the WHO and EPA standards. The adsorbent revealed a significant distribution of well-developed porous, rough surfaces with cracks characterized by different functional groups for the efficient adsorption process. The optimum adsorbent dose for all the metal ions was 0.04 g/100 mL at an optimum contact time of 60 minutes except for Fe 2+ with optimum contact time of 20 minutes, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. The maximum metal removal efficiencies obtained for Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cr 2 were 99.7%, 100%, 99%, 90% and 85% + , respectively. The average adsorption capacity for Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cr 2+ were 0. 44 mg/g, 26.7 mg/g, 78.5 mg/g, 0.133 mg/g for and 10.36 mg/g, respectively. CBC offers efficient and cost-effective removal of selected metal ions from galvanized wastewater.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
