Case Study: Tympanic Temperature and Behavior Associated with Moving Feedlot Cattle

Mader, Terry L.; Davis, Michael S.; Kreikemeier, W. M.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31225-0

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using tympanic temperature measurements, Prendiville et al (2003) and Mader et al (2005 and2010) showed the effects of food on body temperature variations in cattle. Davis et al (2003) used this method to detect heat stress.…”

Section: Temperature Measurement With Non Invasive Contact Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Sellier¹,

Guettier²,

Staub³

2014

AJAST

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Automation of phenotypic measurements of livestock has become a more important goal for scientists and also for farmers who need a more precise, real-time knowledge of their animals. Among physiological measures, body temperature and its variations are key indicators of the physiological health and well-being of animals. Although measuring the body temperature may seem a trivial matter, its implementation is faced with many difficulties both at biological and technological levels in a field of constant progress. Today, there are many studies reporting taking temperature measurements without restraining animals. The present report focuses on the two main approaches to temperature measurements that use direct contact or radiation sensors. Specifically, we investigated the use of thermocouples, thermistors and infrared radiation sensors. A wide literature review using one of these techniques was conducted in which different animal species, different purposes, different experimental designs, various equipments, and different devices and gold standard methods are discussed. These technologies will continue their dizzying development, leading to new communication protocols, sensors miniaturization and a more efficient management of energy. These developments will have a direct impact on the increase of reading distances and the amount of information stored. In response to the request of farmers and researchers, integrated monitoring systems are already marketed with user-friendly interfaces and softwares for complex data storage and treatments.

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Section: Temperature Measurement With Non Invasive Contact Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Sellier¹,

Guettier²,

Staub³

2014

AJAST

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“…Temperature readings obtained with tympanic bulla thermometers have been correlated to rectal temperature, 80,81 and tympanic temperature has been shown to increase 0.78 and 0.65 °C by moving cattle around in the summer and winter respectively. 82 The increase in body temperature due to processing needs to also be taken into consideration when evaluating the health status of an individual animal.…”

Section: Tympanic Bulla and Intravaginal Temperature Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

Theurer¹,

Amrine²,

White³

2013

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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SynopsisCattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state of the animal. The objective of this review is to describe potential benefits and challenges of remotely monitoring cattle behavior with available methodologies including clinical illness scores, visual monitoring, accelerometers, pedometers, feed intake and behavioral monitoring, global position systems, real time location systems, thermography images, and rumen telemetry temperature bolus. The behavior of interest, labor required, and monitoring expenses all need to be taken into consideration before deciding which remote behavioral monitoring device is most appropriate.Monitoring the feeding behavior of an animal over a period of time allows establishment of a baseline against which deviations in subsequent behavioral patterns can be evaluated.Interpretation of multiple behavioral responses as an aggregate indicator of animal wellness status rather than as individual outcomes may be a more accurate measure of true state of animal pain or wellness status. Key Points Cattle behavior is frequently monitored to determine health and wellness state.

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“…Mader et al (2005) observed that processing cattle causes average body temperature to increase between 0.3 and 0.8°C depending on traveling distance and the time of year. Individual animals can have a rise in body temperature exceeding 2.5°C, and the amount of the increase tended to be influenced by temperament score (Brown-Brandl 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anecdotal evidence suggests cattle do not return to their normal eating patterns for several days after a working event. Mader et al (2005) documented changes in behavior (decreases in time at the bunk and lying behavior were observed) for cattle that were worked compared to cattle that were undisturbed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water spray cooling during handling of feedlot cattle

2009

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Activities involved in receiving or working (e.g., sorting, dehorning, castration, weighing, implanting, etc.) of feedlot cattle cause an increase in body temperature. During hot weather the increased body temperature may disrupt normal behaviors including eating, which can be especially detrimental to the well-being and performance of the animals. Sprinkle cooling of animals has been successfully employed within the pen; however, added moisture to the pens' surface increases odor generation from the pen. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility instead of in the pen, which could potentially provide extra evaporative cooling to offset the added heat produced by activity. Sixty-four cross-bred heifers were assigned to one of eight pens on the basis of weight. On four separate occasions during hot conditions (average temperature 28.2 ± 1.9°C, 29.1 ± 2.0°C, 28.9 ± 3.0°C, and 26.8 ± 1.6°C; with the temperature ranging from 22.6 to 32.5°C during the trials), the heifers were moved from their pens to and from the working facility (a building with a scale and squeeze chute located 160-200 m away). While in the squeeze chute, four of the pens of heifers were sprinkle cooled and the remaining four pens were worked as normal. The heifers that were treated had a body temperature that peaked sooner (31.9 ± 0.63 min compared to 37.6 ± 0.62) with a lower peak body temperature (39.55 ± 0.03°C compared to 39.74 ± 0.03°C), and recovered sooner (70.5 ± 2.4 min compared to 83.2 ± 2.4 min). The treated animals also had a lower panting score, a visual assessment of level of cattle heat stress (1.1 ± 0.2 compared to 1.16 ± 0.2). The behavior measurements that were taken did not indicate a change in behavior. It was concluded that while a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility did not completely offset the increase in body temperature, it was beneficial to the animals without needing to add water to the pen surface, thus reducing the potential for odor generation.

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Case Study: Tympanic Temperature and Behavior Associated with Moving Feedlot Cattle

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Remote Noninvasive Assessment of Pain and Health Status in Cattle

Water spray cooling during handling of feedlot cattle

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