Casemix, management, and mortality of patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for traumatic brain injury in the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study: a prospective observational cohort study

Severe trauma patients requiring undelayable combined cranial and extracranial surgery: A scoping review of an emerging concept

“…Indeed, the epidemiology of the mechanism of trauma differs from that of high-income countries, and so do the most serious trauma lesions. [ 69 ] Given that fall from high and high-velocity traffic accidents are less frequent compared to high-income countries, STP with combined cranial and extracranial lesions is less likely to be encountered.…”

“…Second, the median time from injury to admission is much longer in low-income (15 h, 5–46) and middle-income countries (8 h, 4–20) compared to high (4, 2–12) and very high-income countries (2, 1–7). [ 69 ] This is related to the lack of efficient emergency pre-hospital care in low-income countries, where trauma patients are brought to the hospital directly by private vehicles or by ambulance without medical or paramedical staff. Given these elements, and considering the fact that STP suffering from combined cranial and extracranial life-threatening injuries can only survive massive exsanguination on the trauma scene with the support of exceptional pre-hospital care, it seems very unlikely that such type of very serious trauma patient could reach a Level 1 trauma center alive in low- and middle-income countries.…”

Towards Improved Organizational Governance of Neurotrauma Surveillance Comment on "Neurotrauma Surveillance in National Registries of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review and Comparative Analysis of Data Dictionaries"

“…As an example, a university-based research team collected data on 1635 TBI patients undergoing surgical interventions across 150 hospitals in 57 countries over 14 months as part of a research study, by utilizing such approaches. 8 It is feasible, even with a small team to organize meaningful surveillance system. The key element is to raise awareness about the benefits of implementing surveillance systems for healthcare workers and governments alike.…”

“…As an example, a university-based research team collected data on 1635 TBI patients undergoing surgical interventions across 150 hospitals in 57 countries over 14 months as part of a research study, by utilizing such approaches. 8 …”

Second- and Third-Tier Therapies for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Severe TBI is a multifaceted condition, rather than a single disease. According to a recent, large, prospective study, the most common mechanisms for severe TBI are falls in very-high-income countries, and road traffic accidents elsewhere [ 2 ]. Pathological findings may be focal or global.…”