Cases of Impaired Oxidative Burst in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants’ Neutrophils—A Pilot Study

Siawaya, Anicet Christel Maloupazoa; Mveang-Nzoghe, Amandine; Ndjindji, Ofilia Mvoundza; Ndong, Armel Mintsa; Essone, Paulin N.; Siawaya, Joël Fleury Djoba

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00262

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…HUE-infants have increased mortality/ morbidity due to infections. Today it is increasingly clear that aspects of their immune response are impaired, 20-23 which might explain their susceptibility. Based on our data and previously reported data on HEU-infants, this group of infants has altered blood elements, whether those alterations are central (bone marrow) or only peripheral (peripheral blood) need to investigated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased platelets count in HIV-1 uninfected infants born from HIV-1 infected mothers

et al. 2019

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HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) represent a growing population in developing countries including Gabon. Several studies have shown the vulnerability of these infants toward infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to contribute to the global effort to understand how HIVexposure or anti retroviral therapy affects infants’ blood elements. We assessed HEU infants’ complete blood count using a blood analyzer instrument. Our investigations showed that among the observed clinically relevant hematological abnormalities events, thrombocytosis was the most prevalent clinically relevant hematological abnormality associated with HEU infants’. We showed that HEU infants had significantly higher platelets count than HUinfants. Therefore, higher level of platelets seems to characterize HEU infants when compared to HU infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased platelets count in HIV-1 uninfected infants born from HIV-1 infected mothers

et al. 2019

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“…There is evidence that in utero exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have knock-on health effects on infants, including an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection ( 4 – 7 , 24 – 27 ). Research on the etiology of HEU infants’ susceptibility has highlighted a number of immune abnormalities in these infants ( 9 , 10 , 25 , 28 – 30 ). We believe that the benefits of ART in preventing HIV vertical transmission and improving mother and child health are undeniable ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulated data on HEU infants’ immune system suggest heterogeneity in their immune response. Some are able to mount strong responses to specific antigens; whereas, others showed a weak or absent to them ( 9 – 11 , 28 ). It seems like any part or pathway of the immune system can be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global efforts to understand HEU infants’ increased susceptibility to infections during the first months of their life has shed some light on the immune determinants of their susceptibility. We recently showed impaired oxidative burst in neutrophils from a number of HEU infants ( 9 ). Others have reported impaired humoral response ( 10 , 11 ), altered chemokine receptor expression by CD4 + T cells ( 12 ), altered natural killer cell function, and reduced thymic output of naive CD4 + cells ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered Toll-Like Receptor-4 Response to Lipopolysaccharides in Infants Exposed to HIV-1 and Its Preventive Therapy

Siawaya¹,

Ndjindji²,

Kamgaing

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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Pathogen sensing and recognition through pattern recognition receptors, and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the cornerstone of the innate immune system. Despite the fact that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are prone to serious bacterial infections, no study has focused on the functionality of their bacteria recognition system. This is the first study to investigate baseline levels of three critically important immune response molecules in this population: complement component (C)-3, toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and C-reactive protein (CRP). We enrolled 16 HEU and 6 HIV-unexposed (HU) infants. TLR4 function was investigated by stimulating whole blood with increasing concentrations of TLR4-agonist ultrapure lipopolysaccharides. TLR4/TLR4-agonist dose response were assessed by measuring IL-6 secretion. Complement C3 and CRP were measured by photo spectrometry. Data showed no significant differences in baseline concentration of CRP between HEU and HU infants. Complement C3 was significantly higher in HEU infants than HU infants. TLR4 anergy was observed in 7 of 12 HEU infants, whereas the rest of HEU infants (n = 4) and the control HU infants tested (n = 3) showed responsive TLR4. None of the HEU infants investigated in this study had severe infections in the year after their birth. In conclusion, TLR4 anergy can occur in HEU infants without necessarily translating to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases.

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“…Children who are HEU have been found to have up to two-fold fewer neutrophils than their HUU counterparts, possibly as a consequence of in utero exposure to ART, and this reduced neutrophil count can persist up to 8 years of age [ 44 ]. Importantly, impaired neutrophil responses have also been noted in some CHEU [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Although a link between in utero ART-exposure and defective neutrophil oxidative burst has been observed [ 46 ] further studies are required in order to determine the effect of exposure to ART on impaired neutrophil function in CHEU.…”

Section: Altered Innate Immune Responses Due To Peripartum Hiv And/or...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Children with Perinatal HIV Exposure

Toit

Prinsloo

Steel

et al. 2023

Viruses

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With the global rollout of mother-to-child prevention programs for women living with HIV, vertical transmission has been all but eliminated in many countries. However, the number of children who are exposed in utero to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is ever-increasing. These children who are HIV-exposed-but-uninfected (CHEU) are now well recognized as having persistent health disparities compared to children who are HIV-unexposed–and-uninfected (CHUU). Differences reported between these two groups include immune dysfunction and higher levels of inflammation, cognitive and metabolic abnormalities, as well as increased morbidity and mortality in CHEU. The reasons for these disparities remain largely unknown. The present review focuses on a proposed link between immunometabolic aberrations and clinical pathologies observed in the rapidly expanding CHEU population. By drawing attention, firstly, to the significance of the immune and metabolic alterations observed in these children, and secondly, the impact of their healthcare requirements, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, this review aims to sensitize healthcare workers and policymakers about the long-term risks of in utero exposure to HIV and ART.

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Cases of Impaired Oxidative Burst in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants’ Neutrophils—A Pilot Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Increased platelets count in HIV-1 uninfected infants born from HIV-1 infected mothers

Increased platelets count in HIV-1 uninfected infants born from HIV-1 infected mothers

Altered Toll-Like Receptor-4 Response to Lipopolysaccharides in Infants Exposed to HIV-1 and Its Preventive Therapy

Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Children with Perinatal HIV Exposure

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