Cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the East Africa region, highlighting challenges in diagnostics and healthcare access

Sokhi, Dilraj; Suleiman, Adil; Manji, Soraiya; Hooker, Juzar; Mativo, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100320

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, adult age has often been found in the literature [8]. The average age of our patients (38.3 years) is within the age range of 20 -50 years reported in many African studies focusing on autoimmune diseases of the nervous system [21] [49]- [58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Spectrum of Neurological Disorders Related to Autoimmune Diseases in Brazzaville, Congo

Diatewa¹,

Mpandzou²,

Ongouya³

et al. 2023

WJNS

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Background: Autoimmune diseases, which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, are pathologies caused by a dysfunction of the immune system. They can affect the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system or both nervous systems. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutive aspects of neurological disorders related to autoimmune diseases. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. It was carried out from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 (5 years). It focused on patients aged 15 years and above, who were hospitalized or followed as ambulatory patients for neurological disorders related to autoimmune diseases in the neurology department of the university teaching hospital in Brazzaville. Results: Among the 41 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria, there were 29 (70.73%) women and 12 (29.27%) men. The average age of patients was 38.3 ± 13.8 years. An increase in the frequency of neurological disorders related to autoimmune diseases was observed every year. The main neurological disorders were neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (n = 14; 34.15%), acute polyradiculoneuropathies (n = 13; 31.71%), chronic polyradiculoneuropathies (n = 4; 9.75%) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (n = 3; 7.31%). The treatments administered, which consisted of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, had significantly improved the vital prognosis and functional status of patients (p = 0.025). Conclusion: In our study population, neurological disorders related to autoimmune diseases are rare. The neurological clinico-pathological entities diagnosed are similar to those reported in the literature. The therapeutic approaches used improve the quality of life of patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Spectrum of Neurological Disorders Related to Autoimmune Diseases in Brazzaville, Congo

Diatewa¹,

Mpandzou²,

Ongouya³

et al. 2023

WJNS

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“…10,11 The variations in clinical and radiological features have been reported among different races as well as between different serostatuses and age groups. 12 Few studies of NMOSD have been reported from Africa and Middle East, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and so far in such heavily populated African country like Egypt, only two studies of NMOSD were conducted in Egypt. 20,21 To our knowledge, the detailed radiological characteristics of NMOSD were not studied before among the Egyptian population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Egypt

Nasreldein

Farweez

El-Fetoh

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of NMOSD based on the 2015 consensus criteria. Methods The objective of this study was to describe the MRI characteristics of NMOSD patients in Egypt. This were a prospective, observational study on patients fulfilling the 2015 diagnostic criteria of NMOSD. Patients were recruited consecutively from the Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt from March 2019 until August 2020. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory features were collected. MRI scan results were reviewed for each patient and compared according to Aquaporin4‐seropositivity. Results Ninety patients fulfilled NMOSD diagnostic criteria. The mean age at onset was 30.7±11.8 with a female predominance of 3:1. AQP4 antibodies were positive in 77/90 patients (85.6%). Seventy‐two patients (80%) had acute myelitis, 44 cases (61.1%) had longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 61 cases (87.1%) had a central position in the cord. Bright spotty lesions (BSL) were found in 44 cases (61.1%). The most common site of cord involvement was the cervical region. Abnormal MRI brain scans were found in 81.1% of patients. No statistically significant differences could be found between the two groups. Conclusion There was a high frequency of abnormal spine and brain MRI findings in the Egyptian population. Even though no specific patterns were typical for AQP4‐specific serostatus, certain findings may suggest NMOSD diagnosis and warrant AQP4‐IgGs testing.

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A comprehensive review of the advances in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Siriratnam,

Huda,

Butzkueven

et al. 2023

Autoimmunity Reviews

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Cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder from the East Africa region, highlighting challenges in diagnostics and healthcare access

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Spectrum of Neurological Disorders Related to Autoimmune Diseases in Brazzaville, Congo

Spectrum of Neurological Disorders Related to Autoimmune Diseases in Brazzaville, Congo

Radiological characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Egypt

A comprehensive review of the advances in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

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