Cashew Nut Production in Southern Tanzania V—Water Balance of Cashew Trees in Relation to Spacing

Dagg, M.; Tapley, R. G.

doi:10.1080/00128325.1967.11662182

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Otherwise, there is a need to evolve canopy management practices such as pruning and application of growth retardants to curtail the canopy. There have already been a few reports on spacing and yield in this crop (Dagg & Tapley, 1967;Northwood & Tsakiris, 1967;Lefebvre, 1973). These trials clearly showed that high density planting (below 9 x 9 m spacing) was advantageous only in the initial years but resulted in a decline in yield after 2-3 years of production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These trials clearly showed that high density planting (below 9 x 9 m spacing) was advantageous only in the initial years but resulted in a decline in yield after 2-3 years of production. Dagg & Tapley (1967) attributed this yield reduction to competition for water because of intermingling of root systems from the 3rd year of planting. Though they reported that increased intermingling of canopies would start in the 5th or 6th year of planting, they considered that it was less important than root competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fruiting and abscission patterns in cashew

Subbaiah

1983

J. Agric. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe variation in setting fruit and immature fruit abscission at successive nodes of an individual panicle, and in panicles at different directions of the canopy in an individual tree, were studied in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). The numbers of perfect flowers and fruits set increased from the proximal to the distal end with the maximum yield at the fifth or sixth nodes in a panicle of 8–10 branches. The productivity of an entire inflorescence or a whole fruiting branch was related to its orientation with respect to the sun. The numbers of nodes and fruits set and the percentage of fruit retained were maximal in panicles located on the western and southern sides of the canopy. Tea mosquito damage was also less on these sides of the canopy but the physiological disorder of ‘apple’ cracking was higher here than on the eastern and northern sides. These variations are discussed in relation to the differences in the incident photosynthetically active radiation on these sides.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruiting and abscission patterns in cashew

Subbaiah

1983

J. Agric. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using assumptions that are still valid, Dagg and Tapley (1967) showed with a simple water balance model why a mature crop grown at a close spacing (6 × 6 m) at a location in southern Tanzania (single rainy season, six-month dry season) yielded little. (In this example, it is difficult to disaggregate the effects of water stress and canopy overlapping, since cashew is a peripheral bearing tree, and where canopies touch there is no yield).…”

Section: Crop Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the roots of 72-month-old trees will meet at a spacing of 15 m and interlace at 12 m. Canopy measurements suggested that the lateral spread of roots is about twice that of the canopy. The spreading rooting habit of cashew is a critical factor in the successful adaptation of the tree to semi-arid regions/a dry environment (Dagg and Tapley, 1967).…”

Section: Crop Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.): A REVIEW

Carr

2013

Ex. Agric.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The centre of origin of cashew is believed to be Brazil, from where it has spread since the 16th century throughout the tropics. In recent years, Vietnam has surpassed India to become the world's largest producer of cashew nut. Most of the research on the water relations of cashew has been done in Brazil, where it is both a large-scale commercial and a smallholder crop, and in Australia, where cashew is a possible emerging new crop. There are two 'types' of cashew: 'talls' and 'dwarfs'. Both are evergreen trees in which vegetative growth occurs in a series of flushes. Flowers form annually on the end of branches in the dry season, and flowering continues for two to four months. It then takes about two months from pollination for the nut to mature. Roots can extend to great depths (>5 m), while cashew's wide-spreading rooting habit is critical to its successful adaptation to semi-arid/dry conditions. The optimum temperature for CO 2 assimilation is in the range 25-35 • C. Progressive closure of the stomata occurs at saturation deficits of the air >1.5 kPa. In the field, differences in rates of gas exchange between irrigated and unirrigated cashew trees only become apparent three or four months after the end of the rains, the stomata playing an important role in maintaining a favourable leaf water status in dry conditions. Sap flow measurements indicate transpiration rates of 20-28 L d −1 tree −1 . Irrigation can be beneficial during the period from flowering to the start of harvest, but reliable estimates of water productivity have yet to be established. The best/only estimate is 0.26 kg (nut in shell) m −3 (irrigation water). There is a continuing need to develop a method to estimate the water requirements of cashew, to identify where and when irrigation of cashew is likely to be justified and to develop a practical irrigation schedule.

show abstract

“…The analysis of soil and plant samples needs to be carefully planned, particularly in fertilizer work, and where analytical facilities are limited greater emphasis should perhaps be placed on the soil sample, for annual crops, and on the plant sample for perennial crops (Robinson, 1967c), though both have a part to play in an effective advisory service (Scaife, 1968(Scaife, , 1969Robinson, 1968a, 1969a, b andFoster, 1969). It is advisable to arrange for the collection of on-site rainfall data, to use in running moisture deficit calculations (Dagg, 1965;Dagg and Tapley, 1967;Dagg et al, 1968) since, on this criterion alone, trial sites may be classified into broad categories on the basis of moisture availability over critical periods of crop growth, thus enabling greater precision of calibration to be attained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Trials with Perennial Crops on Smallholders' Fields in Africa

Robinson

1970

Ex. Agric.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYCultural standards and the husbandry techniques used on small farmers' fields are seldom the same as those practised on research and experimental Stations in the developing countries. The need for extensive agronomic experiments to be sited on small farmers' fields is emphasized. This method has been quite widely used with annual crops, but could with advantage be more generally adopted in perennial crops. Some of the advantages of this approach in agronomic investigations are illustrated by examples from work carried out in East Africa.

show abstract

Cashew Nut Production in Southern Tanzania V—Water Balance of Cashew Trees in Relation to Spacing

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Fruiting and abscission patterns in cashew

Fruiting and abscission patterns in cashew

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.): A REVIEW

Extensive Trials with Perennial Crops on Smallholders' Fields in Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About