Cashew nut production in Tanzania: Constraints and progress through integrated crop management

Martin, Philip; Topper, C. P.; Bashiru, R. A.; Boma, F.; Waal, D. de; Harries, H. C.; Kasuga, L. J.; Katanila, N.; Kikoka, L. P.; Lamboll, Richard; Maddison, A. C.; Majule, Amos; Masawe, P. A. L.; Millanzi, K.J.; Nathaniels, N. Q. R.; Shomari, Shamte; Sijaona, M. E. R.; Stathers, T.

doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(96)00067-1

Cited by 63 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Il a été découvert par les Espagnols (Lyannaz, 2006) et les Portugais qui l'ont introduit dans leurs colonies d'Afrique et d'Asie (Martin et al, 1997 ;Lautié et al, 2001;Trekpo, 2003 (Hammed et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d’anacardier (<i>Anacardium occidentale L.</i>) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d’Ivoire

Djaha¹,

N'daadopo²,

Koffi³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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RESUMELa croissance végétative et l'aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d'anacardier (LAX1432 et LAX2081) utilisés comme porte-greffe ont été évaluées pour faire connaître leurs caractéristiques. Les paramètres de croissance des porte-greffes ont été mesurés à chaque date de greffage. Ceux des greffons l'ont été après leur démaillotage. Les dates de greffage, de reprise des greffons, de démaillotage et d'écimage des porte-greffes ont été enregistrées. Les plants greffés sevrés ont été dénombrés. A 60 jours après germination, les porte-greffes ont atteint les dimensions requises pour le greffage. La hauteur de la tige et la longueur de la racine pivotante ont évolué dans le même ordre de grandeur. L'on peut donc évaluer la longueur de la racine pivotante, sans détruire la plante, connaissant la valeur de la hauteur de la tige. Les meilleurs taux de réussite au greffage (67,5-72%) ont été obtenus sur les plus jeunes plants (60-90 JAG). La longueur du greffon a été le seul paramètre de croissance à subir l'influence des porte-greffes. Les deux génotypes ont une bonne aptitude au greffage.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d’anacardier (<i>Anacardium occidentale L.</i>) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d’Ivoire

Djaha¹,

N'daadopo²,

Koffi³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…According to Martin et al [29], the dry season in the southern coastal areas in Tanzania starts in June and lasts until November. The cashews reach their main vegetative flush at the start of the dry season and this is then followed by flowering, most of which occurs between July and September.…”

Section: Monthly Rainfall Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Rainfall Trends over the Tanzania Coast

Kabanda

2018

Atmosphere

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Spatial and temporal rainfall trends over the Tanzanian coast are analysed and trends for over 50 years are investigated. This type of study is crucial at this time because the area under study is now one of the world's economic hotspots, as major gas fields have been discovered and the area also has high potential for oil field discoveries. Methods applied in this study include the Mann-Kendall test for rainfall data to detect the long-term trends, while Sen's slope estimator test was used for finding the magnitude of change over time. The results exhibited rainfall trend patterns with substantial variations between the stations. The Z value of the Mann-Kendall test showed various months with negative trend at a significance level ≥95%. The few months that showed a positive trend were not statistically significant. Generally, rainfall trends varied in different months for different stations. However, the most outstanding observation on individual months is July, which showed a highly statistically significant (99.9%) reduction in rainfall for the whole coastal area, including the regions of Mtwara, Dar es Salaam and Tanga. The last part of this paper describes the relationship between July rainfall and the horizontal winds from the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) re-analysis. It is observed that the strength of the anticyclonic flow over the southwest Indian Ocean, which is associated with the westward fluxes of moisture, is responsible for rainfall over the whole coastal area of Tanzania during July.

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“…Research efforts from 1990's focused on pre-harvest aspects such as description of disease symptoms (Waller et al, 1992;Shomari and Kennedy, 1999), development of disease assessment methods (Nathaniels, 1996), understanding of the disease epidemiology Shomari and Kennedy, 1999) and development of on-field disease management strategies (Caligari, 1997;Martin et al, 1997;Smith et al, 1997;Kasuga et al, 1998;Topper et al, 1998;Sijaona and Mansfield, 1999). Meanwhile, very little information is found on post-harvest studies of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Effect of cashew Nut Scarification Associated with Powdery Mildew in the Processing Industry

Uaciquete¹,

Nicurrupo²

2016

JAS

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Cashew powdery mildew disease can reduce on field yield by 100% depending on flowers' susceptibility. Surviving flowers may still produce nuts that are severely damaged. The impact of this, post-harvest, damage to the processing industry is unknown. Therefore the objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of powdery mildew nut scarification on biometric and industrial processing variables: nut size, weight, nut count, outturn, cutting and peeling time and finally analyze the financial implication of the effect. Thus, raw cashew nuts were randomly sampled and categorized in to five disease score levels (treatments). Ten nuts (replicates) were used for each disease category. Length, thickness, width and weight were measured. Furthermore, from each disease level, two sets of nuts were established. One set for nut count and outturn assessment by cutting test. The other set, for steam boiling, cutting, peeling and other processes quantitatively assessed. A completely randomized experimental design was followed for data analysis. The summary effect was assessed as relative loss in percentage to non diseased nuts. The relative maximum loss due to powdery mildew attack was 41.2% for nut length, 42.9% for nut width, 31.3% for nut thickness and 50% for nut weight. The disease severity increased relative nut count (18.9%) and reduced the total ISSN 2166-0379 2016 www.macrothink.org/jas 75 percentage of kernels (20.3%), outturn (21.1%), the industrial yield of white wholes (88.1%), amount of peels (27.6%) and the outturn and nut count based projected income by 9.6%. Three disease based nut categories are proposed for processing improvements. Nut scarification effect on kernel deterioration, seed germination and others is under investigation. Journal of Agricultural Studies

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Cashew nut production in Tanzania: Constraints and progress through integrated crop management

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d’anacardier (<i>Anacardium occidentale L.</i>) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d’Ivoire

Croissance et aptitude au greffage de deux génotypes d’anacardier (<i>Anacardium occidentale L.</i>) élites utilisés comme porte–greffe en Côte d’Ivoire

Long-Term Rainfall Trends over the Tanzania Coast

Direct Effect of cashew Nut Scarification Associated with Powdery Mildew in the Processing Industry

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