Birds N.Am. 1999
DOI: 10.2173/bna.403
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Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia)

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Cited by 38 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Five islands (Islands 11 and 12 in Pond A16; Islands 12, 17, and 21 in Pond SF2) each received 50-115 Caspian tern decoys arranged in the interior of each island, and spaced 1-1.5 m apart (table 1, figs. 4-6), which is the nest spacing commonly observed in Caspian tern colonies (Cuthbert and Wires, 1999). The number of decoys increased in later years as the manufacturer (Mad River Decoy, Waitsfield, Vermont) completed and delivered new decoys, and as more old decoys became available from partner agencies.…”
Section: Social Attraction Measures For Caspian Terns and Snowy Ploversmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Five islands (Islands 11 and 12 in Pond A16; Islands 12, 17, and 21 in Pond SF2) each received 50-115 Caspian tern decoys arranged in the interior of each island, and spaced 1-1.5 m apart (table 1, figs. 4-6), which is the nest spacing commonly observed in Caspian tern colonies (Cuthbert and Wires, 1999). The number of decoys increased in later years as the manufacturer (Mad River Decoy, Waitsfield, Vermont) completed and delivered new decoys, and as more old decoys became available from partner agencies.…”
Section: Social Attraction Measures For Caspian Terns and Snowy Ploversmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If not, we used the survey date closest to 40 days before and after the peak date. We selected this 40-day interval because each nest typically can be active for about 40 daysCaspian tern females lay 1-3 eggs with 2-3 days between laying each egg, incubate eggs over a 27-day period, and brood small chicks for 1 week post-hatch (Cuthbert and Wires 1999). Thus, nests active 40 days prior to and 40 days after the date the peak number of nests was observed would represent additional nests that would not have been active during the peak count.…”
Section: Estimating Colony Size and Productivity Of Caspian Ternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Five islands (Islands 11 and 12 in Pond A16; Islands 12, 17, and 21 in Pond SF2) each received 105 Caspian tern decoys arranged in the interior of each island, and spaced 1-1.5 m apart (table 1, figs. 4-6), which is the nest spacing commonly observed in Caspian tern colonies (Cuthbert and Wires, 1999). The remaining two islands (Island 3 in Pond A16; Island 10 in Pond SF2) each received six snowy plover decoys, arranged in male-female pairs at three locations on the island ( fig.…”
Section: Social Attraction Measures For Caspian Terns and Snowy Ploversmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The greatest percentage of subyearling Chinook salmon detected on the bird colonies were last detected by the array located adjacent to the colonies. Juvenile steelhead may have a greater tendency to migrate closer to the water surface than other salmonids (Beeman et al 1999;Antolos et al 2005), making them more vulnerable to predation by Caspian terns (Collis et al 2001;Antolos et al 2005), which feed mostly in the top-most meter of the water column (Cuthbert and Wires 1999). Additionally, steelhead are larger and contain greater energy content than all other stocks of juvenile salmonids migrating through the Columbia River estuary (Martinson et al 1999).…”
Section: 8mentioning
confidence: 99%