Cassia tora Linn.: A boon to Alzheimer's disease for its anti-amyloidogenic and cholinergic activities

Chethana, K.R.; Şenol, Fatma Sezer; Orhan, İlkay Erdoğan; Keri, Rangappa S.

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.06.002

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Moreover, an in vitro study reported that extracts from the leaves of Cassia tora Linn. could suppress the Aβ aggregation [169].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer’s Disease

Jeon¹,

Song²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Aging and disease

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most major cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects cognitive functions. Even though the prevalence of AD is continuously increasing, few drugs including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor antagonists were approved to treat AD. Because the clinical trials of AD drugs with single targets, such as β-amyloid and tau, have failed, the development of multi-target drugs that ameliorate many of the symptoms of AD is needed. Thus, recent studies have investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal formulae consisting of various herb combinations used to treat AD. This review discusses the results of clinical and nonclinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy in AD and underlying mechanisms of the herbal formulae of traditional Oriental medicines and bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.

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“…Moreover, an in vitro study reported that extracts from the leaves of Cassia tora Linn. could suppress the Aβ aggregation [169].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer’s Disease

Jeon¹,

Song²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

Aging and disease

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“…The leaf of C. tora has been used to manage haemorrhoids, skin infections, cough, pneumonia, stomach ache, ulcer, and fever for many years (Adamu et al 2005). Pharmacological analysis indicated that it has the ability to anti-hepatotoxic, anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, radical scavenging, hypoglycaemic, and anti-microbialactivities (Rejiya et al 2009;Chethana et al 2017). Alkaloids, phenols, anthraquinones, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins are the major secondary metabolites have been reported in C. tora (Yen et al 1998;Aldouri 2000).…”

Section: Complete Chloroplast Genome; Phylogenetic Analysis; Cassia Toramentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Cassia tora Linn

Xie

Gai

Zhu

et al. 2019

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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Cassia tora Linn. is widely distributed in SouthEast Asia and SouthWest Pacific as an important weed. It has many pharmacological activities including anti-allergic, anti-hepatotoxic, and remedy in skin diseases. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. tora from high-throughput sequencing data. The chloroplast genome was 162,426 bp in length, consisting of large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 90,843 bp and 18,001 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 26,791 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome is predicted to contain 131 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 36.0%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 32 chloroplast genomes reveals that C. tora is mostly related to Senna occidentalis. The work reported the firstly complete chloroplast genome of C. tora which may provide useful information to the evolution of Cassieae Bronn.

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“…Among various medicinal plants studied, Cassia species have been explored as a potential therapeutic adjuvant for AD. For example, Cassia tora Linn has been widely studied for its multifunctional anti-AD potential [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In vitro studies revealed that C. tora extract inhibits the aggregation of Aβ(1–42) oligomers and helps in the dissociation of the pre-formed Aβ fibrils [ 22 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Cassia tora Linn has been widely studied for its multifunctional anti-AD potential [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In vitro studies revealed that C. tora extract inhibits the aggregation of Aβ(1–42) oligomers and helps in the dissociation of the pre-formed Aβ fibrils [ 22 , 25 ]. An in vivo study demonstrated the beneficial effects of C. tora extract in a rat model in lowering oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Anti-Cholinesterase Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Cassia grandis L.f. and Cassia timoriensis DC.

Alhawarri

Dianita

Rawa

et al. 2023

Plants

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remain the primary therapeutic drug that can alleviate Alzheimer’s disease’s (AD) symptoms. Several Cassia species have been shown to exert significant anti-AChE activity, which can be an alternative remedy for AD. Cassia timoriensis and Cassia grandis are potential plants with anti-AChE activity, but their phytochemical investigation is yet to be further conducted. The aims of this study were to identify the phytoconstituents of C. timoriensis and C. grandis and evaluate their inhibitory activity against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Two compounds were isolated for the first time from C. timoriensis: arachidyl arachidate (1) and luteolin (2). Five compounds were identified from C. grandis: β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), cinnamic acid (5), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), and hydroxymethylfurfural (7). Compound 2 showed significant inhibition towards AChE (IC50: 20.47 ± 1.10 µM) and BChE (IC50: 46.15 ± 2.20 µM), followed by 5 (IC50: 40.5 ± 1.28 and 373.1 ± 16.4 µM) and 6 (IC50: 43.4 ± 0.61 and 409.17 ± 14.80 µM) against AChE and BChE, respectively. The other compounds exhibited poor to slightly moderate AChE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking revealed that 2 showed good binding affinity towards TcAChE (PDB ID: 1W6R) and HsBChE (PDB ID: 4BDS). It formed a hydrogen bond with TYR121 at the peripheral anionic site (PAS, 2.04 Å), along with hydrophobic interactions with the anionic site and PAS (TRP84 and TYR121, respectively). Additionally, 2 formed three H-bonds with the binding site residues: one bond with catalytic triad, HIS438 at distance 2.05 Å, and the other two H-bonds with GLY115 and GLU197 at distances of 2.74 Å and 2.19 Å, respectively. The evidence of molecular interactions of 2 may justify the relevance of C. timoriensis as a cholinesterase inhibitor, having more promising activity than C. grandis.

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Cassia tora Linn.: A boon to Alzheimer's disease for its anti-amyloidogenic and cholinergic activities

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer’s Disease

Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer’s Disease

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Cassia tora Linn

Potential Anti-Cholinesterase Activity of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Cassia grandis L.f. and Cassia timoriensis DC.

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