Cast composite alloy for perforator parts

Sidorin, I. I.; Silaeva, V. I.; Solov'eva, T. V.; Slotin, V. I.; Éskin, G. I.

doi:10.1007/bf00651781

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“…Particles can be also wrapped in a metallic foil (e.g. in aluminum foil for Al MMCs) to form a sort of a compact rod that is then slowly fed into the cavitation region, where the foil dissolves releasing the particles and exposing them to cavitation [156,157]. A double wrap in aluminum foils of different thicknesses has been suggested for controlling the release rate [158].…”

Section: Composite Materials and Immiscible Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frequency Vibration and Ultrasonic Processing

Eskin

Tzanakis

2018

Springer Series in Materials Science

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Chapter 5 High-frequency vibration and ultrasonic processing D.G. Eskin, I. Tzanakis 5.1 Historical overview of ultrasonic cavitation science and applications The application of ultrasound to the processing of liquids and slurries has a long history. The theory of oscillations was developed by Lord Rayleigh who laid the foundation for nonlinear acoustics. He also theoretically quantified the pressure pulse resulted from the imploding cavitation bubble and suggested that the acoustic pressure is directly related to the wave energy and velocity [1], which was experimentally confirmed by W.J. Altberg [2]. Significant contribution to the theory of cavitation was made by Ya.I. Frenkel [3] and E.N. Harvey [4] who explained why the cavitation threshold in liquids is well below the theoretical tensile strength of the liquid phase, suggesting a model of cavitation nuclei in real liquids as stable gas pockets at the surface imperfections of suspended particles. The pulsation of a cavitation bubble was described analytically by B.E. Nolting and E.A. Neppiras [5]. They introduced the resonance radius of the bubble. The bubble smaller that and around the resonance size will rapidly grow and then implode within one or two sound wave cycles. Each of the imploded bubble will generate large pressure pulse and create many even smaller bubbles, starting a chain reaction of bubble multiplication. The bubble larger than the resonance size will not implode but, being relatively stable, will pulsate around its size. The product of the number of cavitation bubbles in the unit volume and the maximum volume of a single bubble is called cavitation index. When this index approaches unity the amount of bubbles in the unit volume becomes so big that they substitute the liquid phase and the ultrasonic power transmitted to the liquid declines rapidly [6, 7]. This is the base of so-called shielding effect of the cavitation region, when the acoustic energy rapidly attenuates within the cavitation zone and does not propagate to the liquid volume. The practical aspects of ultrasonic cavitation started to attract the attention of physicists, chemists and other applied scientists and researchers. R. Wood and A. Loomis (1927) observed intensive acoustic streaming and fountaining, ultrasonic degassing, emulsification and atomization, cavitation damage of organic tissue, etc. [8]. The direct observation of cavitation became possible with the development of high-speed film cameras, high-brilliance impulse lamps and, eventually, laser illumination in the 1950s-1960s [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The images taken with the exposure 0.5 to 5 msec enabled the in-situ study of the cavitation development, bubbles collapse and sonoluminescence. In recent years, in-situ studies of cavitation in liquid metals became possible using synchrotron radiation [15, 16, 17]. The application of vibrations to treating metals dates back to the 1870s when D.K. Chernov reported that shaking molten steel solidifying in a mold resulted in the formation of very fine crystals [18]. The ...

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Section: Composite Materials and Immiscible Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%